Pledge of Allegiance

Pledge of Allegiance is a common in the United States pledge loyalty to the nation and the flag of the United States. ( ' allegiance ' is a word with many shades of meaning or facets, it means allegiance, obedience, loyalty, allegiance, belonging). It is usually done together and unanimously at public events. Especially in the public schools of the Pledge of Allegiance is often part of the common morning ritual. On the personal level, there is no obligation to participate.

History

The Pledge of Allegiance was first in 1892 by the Christian Socialist Francis Bellamy, published in the Youth's Companion magazine in Boston, Massachusetts, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. Inventor of the Pledge to have been James B. Upham, junior partner and editor of The Youth's Companion. According to the author Margarette S. Miller Bellamy had invented the Bellamy salute, which was to be commanded by the school children standing of the flag. This gesture, which was the Roman salute, or Hitler salute comparable, has been practiced in the U.S. and abolished after the war the U.S. entry into World War II, to distinguish themselves from fascism.

He later received official recognition in a law that was passed by Congress on June 22, 1942. In its original version, it said in the oath " my flag " ( and not " the flag of the United States"). This change in wording was made in 1923.

While the oath is completed, the swearing have to raise the flag, according to law. Many Swearing holding down their right hand on the heart, at least it is not expected to place the hands as a sign of respect behind the body, on the back. Again, the flag law, although the law, a punishment would such as multiply determined but violate the U.S. Constitution (1st Amendment ).

Under God

The phrase under God was added at the passage of the bill in the U.S. Congress on June 14, 1954 Dwight David Eisenhower. In 2002, the phrase was stated in a court case at the Ninth Court of Appeals, which is responsible for the western United States to be unconstitutional, since they 'll monotheism preferred. A propagation of a particular faith, in turn, is not for the state. Michael Newdow sued and brought the case as Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow before the Supreme Court of the United States, which quashed the decision of the Court of Appeal in 2004 for formal reasons. In 2010, the vow formula was declared unconstitutional in a renewed process.

Wording

" I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for Which It Stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for ave "

There is also an official translation into German:

"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for everyone. "

More

• The phrase "one nation under God " was named after an album B: E. Taylor and a documentary Will Bakke.
• The phrase ... And Justice for All is the Tite a feature film by Norman Jewison.
• The phrase ... And Justice for All is title of an album by Metallica.
• The phrase And Justice for All is the title of a documentary film by Michael Moore.
• Similar vows there in the Philippines and South Korea.