Police raid
Raid ( from Arabic غزوة Ghazwa, expedition, raid, offensive battle ') is the name given to a schedule prepared, within a suddenly locked location surprisingly performed at a indefinite number of persons looking for persons or property for the purposes of security (eg prevention of crime ) or the criminal justice system ( law enforcement).
Raid was originally a name for the raids of the North African corsairs in Southern Europe. During these cases, the pirates captured include goods and livestock, especially Christian slaves who were sold in the slave markets of the Barbary States. During the French conquest of Algeria in the 1830s and 1840s, the French military turned to the well-known locally war technology strategically to eradicate the resistance of the local people and transformed them so for the first time to practice state - of disciplinary violence. Thus, the meaning of the word of a criminal act has turned into a police action towards.
Federal Republic of Germany
The aspect of the raid is governed by state laws or based on the power of the general clause of police law. The criminal aspect is federal jurisdiction, but not specifically regulated. It can be based on § 163b, § 163c, § 127, § 102, § 103 Code of Criminal Procedure. It then requires an initial suspicion pursuant to § 152 para 2 Code of Criminal Procedure.
A raid can be arranged by the prosecution as a disposition or directly from the police authorities.
Several times search operations have caused a stir in editorial offices in the history of the Federal Republic. They were justified by the state on suspicion of treason or the unauthorized possession of information, while members of the public a violation of press freedom (Article 5 GG) feared, especially if an article critical of the action before it. Known raids of this kind have been made in the Spiegel Affair in 1962 and during the search of the magazine Cicero in 2005.