Political management

The concept of policy management comes from the political science and is available for the connection of the controllability of the political system on the one hand, and the ability to control political decision-makers on the other side. Policy management is not only an activity of or for politicians or government institutions, but can also be done by or for other political actors ( eg companies, interest groups, NGOs ) of specialists.

Policy management can be seen as an applied political science. This policy management is not for a single career field or a single activity, but for a range of professional activities exercised. This includes substantive policy, but also process- related activities, which are mainly located in the political communication and political PR and advertising, political Internet communication, party, faction and campaign management, strategic planning in political staffs and departments of ministries, public opinion research, advocacy, association management and lobbying. Here are policy manager in some cases even more technical experts.

Despite the Annex word "management" is in the policy management is not original to an economic function because the application and control in a political system are subject to different kind of rationality. Example, emphasizes the political science research, the complex interweaving of policy management within property and power issues (property and power issues are inevitably linked together ). In analogy to the English is also of political management ( Political Management) the speech to emphasize that it is not the policy is managed, but the management has a political dimension.

However, policy management has in the narrower sense, a business side, as limited resources - time, money, personnel and Others - must be managed in organizations. Therefore, the term is much more concrete and stronger over the management of political organizations and interests related than eg the much broader term governance, which also aims to control in complex systems.

The definition of the terms policy advice and political communication and advocacy / lobbying is difficult because different aspects of the political task of management are emphasized.

Forms of control

In the policy management can be distinguished between three forms of control.

Direct control:

  • Dominance of the higher-level controller instances
  • Objectives through the control instance with respect to the control addressees

Indirect control:

  • Control entity operates primarily by setting frame
  • Scope of control is addressed to design this frame

Self-coordination:

  • Several sovereign actors without higher-level control instance
  • Common achievement of control results

Political leadership

The study of political leadership styles or leadership research called, occupies an important place in policy management. Because changes in political communication need at election time new strategies to mobilize voters, in everyday political life must be organized from different interests of majorities. Political leadership can be divided into personal factors (personality ), political and institutional factors ( institutions) and seasonally - structural environment factors ( Environment). The mix of these instruments characterizes the individual leadership style of a political actor.

For the political leadership of three rationales apply ( by: Korte / Up / Florack ):

1 property rationality: How can look appropriate and makes politically -locking problem solving?

Second mediation rationality: How and with whom the solution to a problem must be taught to organize majorities?

3 enforcement rationality: What is the political process in which the negotiated problem solving can be enforced?

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