Pollutant

As an environmentally hazardous substances (including environmental toxins or environmental pollutants) which, in themselves or their transformation products are likely to change the nature of the ecosystem, water, soil or air, climate, animals, plants or microorganisms such substances or preparations that this immediately or environmental hazards can be brought later.

The European Convention on the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR ) is available as text environmentally hazardous substance, and is required as a hazardous material labeling with the risk number 90, provided that no additional hazards exist.

Environmental toxins are often cited as favoring for diseases or species extinction, but not limited to pollutants in the conventional sense. A clear differentiation between the terms " environmental chemical" and " (environment) pollutant 'does not appear in the trade or in the general scientific literature.

History

Originally Environmental chemicals were in the first Environmental Action Programme of the German Federal Government (Lit.: Dt Bundestag, 1971. ) Described as " substances which are brought about by human intervention in the environment and can occur in amounts and concentrations, which are suitable for living beings, particularly humans to compromise. These include chemical elements or compounds of organic or inorganic nature, synthetic or of natural origin [...]. " However, this definition no longer reflects the current understanding of pollutants. With the revision of ADR from 2009, this category was also introduced in ADR, before she was already in the IMDG and ADN

Classification according to Dangerous Substances Directive

Aquatic environment:

  • Hazard symbol N - Dangerous for the environment: R 50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
  • R 50/ 53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects.
  • R 51/ 53 Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects.
  • Danger symbol not required N: R 52 Harmful to aquatic organisms.
  • R 53 May cause long-term adverse effects.
  • R 52/ 53 Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects.

Non-aquatic environment:

  • Hazard symbol N - Dangerous for the environment: R54 Toxic to flora.
  • R55 Toxic to fauna.
  • R56 Toxic to soil organisms.
  • R57 Toxic to bees.
  • R58 May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment.

Ozone layer:

  • Hazard symbol N - Dangerous for the environment: R 59 Dangerous for the ozone layer.

Classification according to CLP / GHS

The classification of water- endangering substances according to the GHS guideline is based on the following basic elements:

  • Acute aquatic toxicity
  • Chronic aquatic toxicity
  • Potent essential or actual bioaccumulation
  • Degradability

Categories

  • To the aquatic environment Aquatic Acute 1
  • Aquatic Chronic 1
  • Aquatic Chronic 2
  • Aquatic Chronic 3
  • Aquatic Chronic 4
  • Causes damage to the ozone layer Ozone

Classification according to Dangerous Goods

  • Class 9, packing group III Environmentally hazardous substances The aquatic solids
  • Aquatic environment, liquid substances
  • Genetically modified microorganisms and organisms

Classification according to Dangerous Goods - Lake

In the field of maritime transport is additionally the subdivision

  • Non marine pollutant
  • Marine pollutant
  • Very marine pollutant

Examples

  • Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT )
  • Volatile halogenated hydrocarbons ( CHC such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, trichloroethane )
  • Ground-level ozone
  • Pentachlorophenol ( PCP)
  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( PBDEs)
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs)
  • Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs such as benzo [a] pyrene )
  • Propenal
  • Sulfur trioxide
  • Heavy metals (arsenic, antimony, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, thallium, mercury)
  • TMDD
Environmental medicine
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