Pound (mass)

The pound (Latin pondus, weight) is an ancient unit of mass.

Under the English name Pound is part of the Anglo-American system of measurement with the translation:

The abbreviation lb (Latin libra ), synonymous with or lbm lbm, appears in the United States, often in the plural form as pounds (example: 1 lb, but: 2 lbs).

For Pipelines ( in tire pressure) based on the U.S. standard is the compressive strength specified by psi or pounds, which are meant pounds per square inch, more pound -force per square inch.

History

The pound dipped for the first time in the Carolingian Empire. ( Was also taken from the abbreviation Lb lb or ℔ (U 2114 ) ) It goes back to the ancient Roman Libra, on the Sicilian LITRA and the Greek Litron ( Libra ') back. This measurement 327.168 g ( according to other sources about 327.45 g) to 12 ounces of 27.264 g The ancient Roman Mina was also with 16 ounces 436.224 g. Under Charlemagne, the weight was redefined. The Karl pounds ( pondus Caroli ) was about 406.5 grams.

In the Middle Ages, the pound was used as measure of weight in the whole of Europe, its weight more but from city to city from. Had the pound in Nuremberg good 510 grams, so there were only about 467 grams in Berlin.

As a " shopkeeper weight " was 1 pound = 16 ounces = 32 Lot = 128 ounce = 512 penny weights = 1024 Heller weights (or 1: 16: 2: 4: 4: 2).

Today's use

Especially in Germany, less in Switzerland, the pound is still used in colloquial speech ( especially for food, in Germany also for body weight ); it then serves as a kind of abbreviation for " 500 grams ". The pound is neither SI unit permitted even after the German "Law on units of measurement " ( law of unity ) in the business and administrative purposes. In Austria, the term is known, but not common; Instead, here's the decagram usual.

Troy pound

As a pharmacist Weight in medicine and pharmacy, the Nuremberg troy pound was able to prevail to about 357.854 g, in the subdivision 1 lb = 12 ounces = 96 drachmae = 288 scruples = 576 oboloi = 5760 Gran (or 1: 12: 8: 3: 2: 10).

In the Austrian crown lands was believed to have the Wiener- Medical- pounds to about 420.0450 g, with the division into 12 ounces. An ounce equivalent to 2 ounces and 1 ounce equivalent to 4 Quintlein or drachmas. Three scruples corresponded to a Quintlein. The smallest unit was the Gran, with a Gran was about the same weight as a peppercorn, which are converted to grams 0.0729 g Twenty Gran corresponded to a scruple. A normal trade Wiener pounds corresponded to 560.012 grams

Since about the mid-19th century, the pharmaceutical industry is decimal metric.

For the British or American troy pound ( troy pound) weight see → pharmacist.

Inch pounds

1854 put the German Zollverein pound ( inch pounds ) fixed to exactly 500 grams. In 1858 it was introduced in Berlin. It was about seven per cent heavier than the detached pounds. Now one hundredweight had 100 pounds.

1 inch = 100 pounds = 10 Neulot Quint = 1000/2 grams

Today's colloquial pounds has the same mass as the customs pounds with 500 grams.

Selected historical pounds details

From literature:

  • Bayern 1 pound = 560 grams
  • Bremen 1 pound = 498.5 grams trading
  • Bremen 1 pound = 470.283 grams Krämer
  • England 1 pound ( avoirdupois pounds) = 453.59 grams
  • England 1 pound ( troy pound) = 373.24 grams
  • Frankfurt / Main 1 pound = 467.711 grams light
  • Frankfurt / Main 1 pound = 505.128 grams heavy
  • France 1 pounds ( Livre " poid de marc ") = 489.5058 grams
  • Hamburg 1 pound = 484.609 grams
  • Lauenburg 1 pound = 486.474 grams
  • Lippe-Detmold 1 pound = 467.41 grams
  • Lübeck 1 pound = 484.7 grams lübsch
  • Mecklenburg- Schwerin 1 pound = 484.708 grams trading
  • Nassau; Hesse -Darmstadt; Baden 1 pound = 500 grams ( in Weight )
  • Netherlands 1 Pond = 1000 grams ( = 10 Onsen = 100 Looden )
  • Norway 1 Pund = 498.4 grams
  • Austria 1 pound = 560.012 grams
  • Prussia; Hannover 1 pound = 467.711 grams
  • Saxe-Altenburg; Schwarzburg- Rudolstadt Leipzig 1 pound = 467.6246 grams
  • Saxe- Meiningen -Hildburghausen 1 pound = 509.996 grams
  • Schleswig -Holstein 1 pound = 486.474 grams

Pounds as a square measure

The pound as a square measure was used in Austria to Vienna. It is detectable in the entries of the basic books.

Pounds as Stückmaß

Pound was also a Stückmaß. It called in some places a set of 8 or 240

  • In Nuremberg 1 pound = 240 pieces
  • In Regensburg 1 pound of salt = 8 shillings = 240 discs

The Stückmaß was also a Salzmaß in Regensburg.

Pounds figuratively

In a figurative sense pounds means the ability or aptitude of a person (in reference to the Biblical parable of the talents (often referred to ... pounds ) in Matthew 25:18 ). Also, the term talent designates both a certain amount of silver as well as the talent.

Derived from the word pound was swell a fashion expression of youth language in 1900. In some parts of Bavaria the term in the sense of having " great, great" get. In the language of the U.S. Amish the " pounder " is a guiding force and often with " founder" (founder ) is confused in English. However, the origin of the word comes from the biblical talent.

Carolingian dynasty Lead Bible
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