Pre-Romanesque art and architecture
The term Pre-Romanesque comprises the epochs in art history from the early Middle Ages in Europe, from about the 5th century to the 11th century It features the time, and the transition from Late Antiquity to Romanesque. The term is mainly used for the architecture.
Demarcation
Periods were traditionally considered as epochs in the history of art. The artistic work of antiquity in the Greek and the Roman Empire was thereby subsumed early (around since the Renaissance ), the term antiquity. The art of the High and Late Middle Ages was filed in the course of the last three centuries under Romanesque and Gothic. The Roman antiquity can be brought in time and space with the Roman Empire in line with the Romanesque medieval kingdoms of Europe. Were relatively easy to grasp the basis of common stylistic features and temporal and regional contexts the art of antiquity and Romanesque because a sufficient number of objects, the period remained in between but relatively poorly documented. The achievements of Christian discipleship empires, particularly the stable Byzantine empire fall into it, but also that of the Lombards ( Lombardic style), Goths and Vandals. In which connection the Frankish Empire is emerging in Western Europe. For its cultural achievements, the style names are often analogous to the rule of dynasties Merovingian and Carolingian and used subsequently in the German area ottonisch. These times we group due to the small number of preserved buildings together under the umbrella term of the Pre-Romanesque.
Pre-romanesque buildings fall on antique models, transform them and prepare the forms of the Romanesque. Especially in the church building new forms are developed, which are in the Romanesque and Gothic periods the standard repertoire, including, for example, cloister, 'real' and, retired ' crossing, west work, church towers.
Significant pre-Romanesque monuments
Western and Ostrogothic architecture
See also West Gothic Architecture
- Tomb of Theodoric in Ravenna
- Baptisteries in the French Provence: Frejus, Venasque, Riez, Aix -en- Provence
Merovingian architecture
- Baptistery of Saint -Jean in Poitiers
- Crypt of St. Paul in Jouarre
- Baptistery of the Church in Venasque
Lombard (up to 774)
- Santa Maria in Valle / Cividale del Friuli (also called Longobard Temple )
- Capitals and fragments in Sant'Eusebio and Santa Maria delle Cacce in Pavia
Carolingian architecture
- Monastery of Reichenau
- Gatehouse of Lorsch
- Palatine Chapel in Aachen
- Westwerk the Abbey of Corvey
- Michael Church ( Fulda)
- The Church of Germigny -des- Prés
- St. John's (Mainz)
- Justin 's Church in Frankfurt -Höchst
- Einhardsbasilika ( Steinbach ) in the Odenwald
- Einhardsbasilika ( Blessed City)
- Vierungskirche in Neustadt am Main
- Benedictine Convent of Saint John, Müstair
The monastery of St. Gall plan is a drawing of a Carolingian Benedictine ideal monastery, which has influenced all subsequent monastic architecture.
Ottonian architecture
Most important monuments are:
- St. Michael's Church at Hildesheim
- Collegiate Church of St. Cyriacus ( Gernrode )
- St. Pantaleon (Cologne)
- Crypt of St. Wiperti in Quedlinburg
- Ostbau of Mainz Cathedral
- West work of Essen Minster
Asturian pre-Romanesque (Spain )
These are buildings of the Kingdom of Asturias a Christian successor state of the Visigoth kingdom in the northern part of Spain ( 718-910 ).
- Iglesia de San Salvador de Valdediós ( 893 ) in Villaviciosa
- San Miguel de Lillo ( 848 ) to Oviedo
- Santa María del Naranco ( 848 ) to Oviedo
- Santianes de Pravia ( 774-783 ) in Pravia
Old Croatian pre-Romanesque
Even in parts of Croatia monuments of the pre-Romanesque can be found.
- Crkva svetoga Križa
Ireland
Much more modest fell from the pre-Romanesque Ireland, in the mostly single-room churches ( Killelton Oratory, Church at St. John 's Point ) determine dry stone the image.