President of the Czech Republic
Czech President ( officially Republiky Czech Prezident, President of the Republic ') is the head of state of the Czech Republic. He was elected to 2013 by the House of Representatives and the Senate in a joint meeting. Since then, the determination of the incumbent is made by direct election. The election period is 5 years, the re-election is even possible. The minimum age for election as President is in accordance with the minimum age for membership of the Senate, 40 years. It can be charged only for high treason before the Constitutional Court and is responsible for his administration otherwise any other constitutional body responsible to them.
- 3.1 Standalone skills
- 3.2 skills with binding
- 3.3 Other powers
Suffrage
Right to vote until 2012
According to Article 56 of the Czech Constitution in the last 30 days before the expiry of term of office or in case of permanent settlement of the Office, such as by death or resignation, to hold elections within 30 days. The minimum age for admission to the Senate election also applies to the election of the President and a person can not be elected more than twice (Art. 57). At least ten deputies or ten senators may propose a candidate for election. The election win, if you can combine more than half of both houses on itself, ie both the absolute majority of the votes of senators and the deputies wins. If this is any of the candidates, a second ballot shall be held within 14 days. This rise to the candidate who in the first ballot the highest number of votes of the Senators and the one who has received the most votes of the deputies. Existence of direct objects to senators or deputies votes, one moves into the second round, which has received the most votes of the representatives of both chambers in total, the second round wins again, who can obtain an absolute majority of votes from both chambers in coming. If this is again neither of the two candidates, a third ballot shall be held within 14 days. Can also achieve the necessary consent, no candidate has an entirely new election be held (Art. 58).
New suffrage from 2013
On 14 December 2011, the House of Representatives introduced the direct election of the President, February 8, 2012, the Senate agreed. Thus, the next president in 2013 was elected directly, see presidential elections in the Czech Republic 2013.
Oath of Office
The newly elected President makes during a joint session of both chambers projecting the President of the Chamber of Deputies, the following oath of office:
"I swear loyalty to the Czech Republic. I swear to uphold its Constitution and laws. I swear on my honor that I will fulfill my duties in the interests of the whole people and the best of my knowledge and belief. "
In the Czech original:
" Slibuji vernost České Republice. Slibuji, že budu zachovávat její Ústavu a zakony. Slibuji na svou CEST, že svůj úřad budu zastávat v zájmu všeho lidu a podle svého nejlepšího vědomí a svědomí. "
Refuses the person elected to take the oath or sets off with a caveat, it should be considered as non- elected (Art. 60). The President takes office on the day of taking his presidential oath (Art. 55).
Competencies
Independent skills
According to Article 62 of the Czech Constitution appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister, the President and the other members of the government, takes her resignation counter and dismisses the entire government or accepted their resignation. He may entrust a laid-off or retired government until the appointment of a new government with the continuation of official duties. In addition, he shall convene the House of Representatives to meetings or dissolve it under certain conditions. He appoints the judges of the Constitutional Court, the Chairman and the Vice-President. He also has the right to pardon, the mitigation law and Abolitionsrecht. He certifies adopted by the parliament, but the parliament can also submit a law passed again already, except for constitutional laws. He also appoints the President and the Vice- President of the Supreme Audit Office and the members of the Bank Council of the Czech National Bank.
Competencies with binding
Ligation to the approval of the Prime Minister or the Prime Minister duly authorized minister, the President represents the State in relation to other countries, negotiated and signed international treaties - this expertise, he can also delegate - and is the supreme commander of the armed forces, accepts the accreditations of foreign representatives, appoint and dismiss the heads of the Czech diplomatic missions, sets elections for the House of Representatives and the Senate, may appoint and promote generals confer orders - these skills can be delegated - appoints judges and exercises the right to grant amnesties to (Art. 63). For these decisions, the government bears the responsibility.
More powers
To the provisions of Articles 62 and 63, other skills can be applied by law the president. He also has the right to attend the meetings of the two chambers of parliament or its committees and commissions and there to take the floor. He is also entitled to be present and to demand of these reports (Art. 64) at the meetings of the government.
Representation
If passed, the President, not yet sworn in a new head of state, or has been determined by both chambers of Parliament, the Office inability of the President to go his skills of Article 63 paragraph 1 letters a ), b ), c ), d), e), h), i ) and j), and Article 63, paragraph 2 to the Prime Minister that the Article 62 paragraphs a), b ), c ), d), e) and k) to the Speaker of the House or when the House of Representatives is dissolved at this time, be transferred to the President of the Senate.
Responsibility
An indictment in the Constitutional Court, only the Senate oppose the president and only for the crime of high treason. The judgment may, in a guilty verdict, read only on loss of office and loss of opportunity to regain the office. For his other official leadership of the President can not be held criminally or politically responsible. In office offenses are not trackable (Art. 65).
End of term
Term of office expires by the end of the term, by the deposit of a cancellation by the Speaker of the House ( Art. 61), by a conviction by the Constitutional Court, or by death.
Office bearer
Since the establishment of the Czech Republic in 1993 dressed three persons, the Office of the Czech President. From 26 January 1993 to February 2, 2003 Vaclav Havel, from 28 February 2003 until March 8, 2013 Václav Klaus. Havel and Klaus were each re-elected for a second term. Since March 8, 2013 Miloš Zeman is the current president.