Preverb

As a preverb (plural Präverbien, rarely Präverben ) is called in linguistics the actual verb prefixed elements, adverbs or prepositions are formal, but change the meaning of the verb directly. Mostly deictic or local references are expressed to subjects or objects of the verb (eg enter, compete, assign, occur, emerge ), but also transmitted meanings occur, such as start eg. Präverbien occur mainly in the Indo-European languages ​​as well as in the three Caucasian language families and some language families of North America.

In German, Präverbien separable prefixes, also Verbzusätze or Verbpartikel are mentioned, which remain in sentences where the verb moves to the first or second position in the sentence, at the end of a sentence, eg The sun rises. He takes with the hitchhiker. He goes out the door. If the verb at the end of the sentence, the Präverbien be written together with the actual verb, for example ... after the sun rose. because ... he has taken the hitch. ... as he walked out the door.

In the Slavic languages ​​as well as in the Georgian Präverbien aspect or tense meaning have developed. By using a Präverbs a verb is perfective, eg Polish Pisac (write ) vs. napisać ( finish writing, zuendeschreiben ), georgian exmarebi ( you can help ) vs. daexmara ( you helped ). From the Georgian also a futurist function of Präverbien is known, see Georgian grammar.