Prunus salicina
Chinese plum (Prunus salicina )
The Chinese plum (Prunus salicina ), also Susine, Japanese plum tree, Chinese plum tree or Dreiblütige called plum, is a flowering plant in the genus Prunus in the rose family ( Rosaceae ). The fruits of many varieties are used as a fruit.
- 4.1 varieties
- 4.2 hybrids
- 6.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance, bark and leaf
The Chinese plum grows as a deciduous tree, reaching heights of growth of about 9 to 12 meters. The bark, petioles, flower stalks and flower cups are hairy hairless or densely downy. The bark of the branches is purple - reddish- brown and the branches is yellowish - red. The purple winter buds are usually hairy or rarely glabrous at the edges of the bud scales.
The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole has a length of 1 to 2 centimeters, and has two extra-floral nectar glands. The simple leaf blade is oblong - obovate, narrow -elliptic or oblong- ovate rarely with wedge-shaped Spreitenbasis with a length of usually 6-8, rarely up to 12 inches and a width of 2.5 to 5 centimeters and pointed at the end to short tailed. The leaf margin is double notched. The upper leaf surface is dark green and shiny. The six or seven lateral nerves on each side of the main Nerves do not reach to the sheet edge. The lineal Stipules are glandular at the edges.
Flower
The Chinese plum blossoms in early spring. Always three flowers are grouped together into a bundle (hence one of the German name and a synonym ). The flower stems have a length of 1 to 1.5 inches. The hermaphrodite, fivefold, radial symmetry flowers have a diameter from 1.5 to 2.2 centimeters. The five green sepals with a length of about 5 mm oblong- ovate, glabrous and sawn wide apart at the edges. The five free, white petals are oblong- obovate. The only constant upper carpel is bald. The scar is disc-shaped.
Fruit
Stone fruits have diameters of about 4 to 5 centimeters in natural forms and up to 7 cm in cultivars and are spherical, oval or conical. At maturity they turn yellow to red in cultural forms to purple in color and have yellow- pink flesh. They can be harvested in summer (July to August). The ovate to oblong endocarp is wrinkled.
Dissemination
The Chinese plum is originally in China at altitude 200-2600 meters in the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang and Taiwan home.
Currently it is cultivated in Korea, Japan, the United States, Australia and rare in Europe.
Trivial names in different languages
Of interest is the far eastern variety of trivial names: Prunus salicina called The Chinese李, Pinyin lǐ; usually also中国 李, Zhōngguó lǐ called Chinese plum ' and for the fruits李子, lǐzi. Japanese used rather sumomo (李or酸 桃; literally " sour fruit ) ". Korean is called the fruit of Jadu ( 자두 ), the shortening of the Sino- Korean form紫 桃, jado (literally: "Pink Plum " ) is.
The first name Li / Lee (李, lǐ ) literally means " plum tree " and is the name most commonly used in China and widely used in the rest of the world. The corresponding name is Ly in Vietnam and Korea Yi ( 이 ;李; latin then " Lee " or " Rhee " rare "Li", "I" or " Yee ").
System
The first description of Prunus salicina was made in 1828 by John Lindley in Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 7, p 239 The botanical epithet salicina is derived from the willow ( Salix) ago. Salicina Lindl synonyms for Prunus. are: Prunus triflora Roxb, Prunus thibetica Franch. . Prunus salicina belongs to the Section Prunus in the subgenus Prunus within the genus Prunus.
Varieties
From the species Prunus salicina Lindl. At least three known varieties:
- Japanese plum or Japanese plum tree (. Prunus salicina Lindl var salicina, Syn: Prunus botan André, P. ichangana CKSchneider, P. triflora Roxb. ): It is found in China, Japan, Europe, Asia and America.
- Ussuri plum or Chinese plum tree (Prunus salicina var mandshurica ( Skvorts. ) Skvorts et A.Baran, Syn: .. . Prunus mandshurica var triflora Roxb Skvortzov, P. ussuriensis Kovalev & Kostina. ): They are found in China, Russia and the Setai.
- Prunus salicina var pubipes ( Koehne ) LHBailey ( syn. Prunus triflora Roxb var pubipes Koehne. ): Parts of plants are more hairy than the other varieties.
Hybrids
There are also some hybrids with other species known ( selection):
- Peach plum (Prunus salicina × Prunus persica )
- Prunus salicina × Prunus armeniaca (English common name: " plumcots " )
- ' Jaspy ' (Prunus salicina × Prunus spinosa ) is a mittelstarkwüchsige plums pad
- ' Sprite ' (Prunus salicina × Prunus avium).
Use
The drupes of the Chinese plum are eaten by humans as fruit. You are usually eaten raw. Or also dried prunes to or further processed. While the majority of the Chinese plum is eaten raw, most culture - plums (Prunus domestica) are dried. Although both species mature at different times of the year and share different markets, but they are in a certain competition.
The proportion of Chinese plum on the global plum production is considerable. While in Europe mostly culture - plum (Prunus domestica) is grown the proportion of Prunus salicina on the plum production in China is over 90 percent. Production in China in 2005 was 1.87 million tons. In the U.S., the Chinese plum is grown zunehmd: Goods in the meantime changed in 1975 70 percent of all cultivated in the United States plums Prunus domestica as the ratio has the benefit of Chinese plum. In 2004, Chinese plums were grown in the U.S. to 67,000 ha to 36,000 ha and European plums. In South America, Australia and more Chinese are grown than European plums.
Swell
- Gu Cuizhi, Bruce Bartholomew: Prunus in the Flora of China, Volume 9, 2003, p 403: Prunus salicina - Online.