Psychodynamics

Psychodynamics as a " theory of action over inner forces " describes similar physical laws of dynamics and the usual here observance of the time response in the outer space influences on mood and behavior of people. Psychodynamics wants to shed light on the initiation of mental processes as responses to certain external and internal events and influences. The outer physical space (outer psychophysics ) is thus an inner space for the sequence of mental processes compared ( Topik, even inside psychophysics ). The dynamic approach is analogous to the physics which structural or static view opposite ( see, for example, the distinction between electrostatics and electrodynamics). Both opposing perspectives complement each other. Basis of " psychological dynamics " are the methods of psychophysics. Psychophysics is also of psychological forces between clearly defined mental instances, as the three agency model Sigmund Freud suggests, for example. As an analogue of the outer space in the laws of physics apply in the psychodynamics partly to the inner space of mental Topik, sometimes the interaction between internal structures and external conditions.

• 2.1 Cross- bio-psycho- social model

• 4.1 psychodynamics in the diagnosis

History

Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841) distinguished between static and dynamic consciousness. In the teaching of Georg Ernst Stahl (1659-1734) and represented by him animism contained significant dynamic aspects. Also the Brownianism based on the balance of power of charms and irritability. While these theories but also partly moral philosophical aspects are included, psychodynamics is more in the tradition of psychophysics. Psychodynamics is significant as a physical model created by psychological theory. She has proven to be heuristic. Decisive impetus to the psychodynamics came from Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Kurt Lewin ( 1890-1947 ).

Psychodynamics was selected by Sigmund Freud as one of three principles of his metapsychology (see theoretical assumptions of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic conceptual history section ).

Kurt Lewin is one of Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka, the most prominent representatives of Gestalt psychology and the Gestalt theory and is known to have transferred the methods of physics and mathematics to psychology. Lewin's ideas on the psychodynamics laid the foundation for today's motivational psychology as a science of psychological motives.

Other consequences of such a mathematical-physical way of thinking, the terms such as field theory and group dynamics.

The spiritual powers be construed from the psychodynamic point of view as analogous to the physical forces, but are only partially or in individual characteristics considered to be identical.

Psychoanalytic term history

In psychoanalytic perspective psychodynamics describes the mental game of intrapsychic forces positively as drivers (libido ) and negatively as inhibitions ( destrudo ). In layman's psychodynamics or dynamics is often equated with psychoanalysis (see Section Contrasting term use ). Freud said in 1896 in a letter to Wilhelm Fliess of the dynamics of mental processes. Even in his Outline of Psychoanalysis, the term is mentioned dynamics. Freud spoke of a " psychic apparatus " and thus took the view that there mechanically explicable life processes of animals by René Descartes, animals for machines explained and carried them thus on the spiritual life of the people. Thus Freud stands in the tradition of rationalism. Freud was of the opinion that the

This feature Freud is no different than that of a telescope, microscope, and the like before (machine paradigm ). However, it does not separate between an objective and a subjective - physiological - psychological level, but uses both methods of describing, in order to achieve a gain in understanding (cf. the classical philosophy of identity and the modern identity theory). As a bodily organ or as an "apparatus, which we attribute to spatial extension ... ", Freud sees to the brain. The forces are the subject of his drive theory, the energy of the subject of the libido theory. The static elements are mainly the more physically represented elements of the conscious and unconscious ( 1 topical model) in addition to the personality interests ( 2 topical model). As a " topical" rather these physical elements are already therefore to identify because they are aimed at the spatial shape of the body. This happens not only in a spatial- metaphorical sense, as for example Harald Schultz- Hencke (1892-1953) would have understood. Freud is uncertain terms that it should be " dynamic conception of mental processes " along with their " mental Topik ". He writes in this connection:

Freud was convinced by a physical topic and has only " provisionally " waived their detailed description in the sense of a mental Topik. He used the concept of dynamics, with whom he is on the work of Gustav Theodor Fechner sinnesphysiogischen (1801-1887) moved ( psychophysics ). Even Freud's terminology of " excitement buzz " (GW Vol.1, pp. 63, 74) to explain the emergence and effectiveness of affects can include, inter alia, on these neuropsychological correlations.

Recent theoretical concepts

More recent psychodynamic concepts are the object relations theory, the interaction of relationship patterns, the theory of fundamental conflicts and structural conditions. Here, the variability of the internal events through personal development even in adolescence, for example, with enclosed by a psychotherapy.

Psychodynamic Model

Assuming a correlation of physical and mental phenomena, so it is consistent and almost inevitably, to speak of an inner mental space, much as does the physics in the outer three-dimensional space. This is z.T. to so-called structured or topical models. They are not only the subject of deep psychological or specifically psychoanalytic theory, but also the subject of various philosophies and religions. Topical models are based on one hand on empirical anatomical topographic conditions ( Somatotopik ), on the other hand but also on theoretical and abstract metaphysical, mystical or Gnostic elements. In psychoanalytic theory, it also is an analogy with physics concepts such as dynamics and Topik. These physical aspects to be complemented by Freud through an economic importance in terms of a teleological concept category ( metapsychology ). CG Jung speaks in this context of " active imagination ". This doctrine thus goes beyond the concrete and knowable relates aspects as well as those of the sociology of rational psychology with a. This can be described as a comprehensive model that incorporates not only the physical and biological, but also psychological and social conditions in a common concept. Thure von Uexküll has referred to these different topological descriptive aspects as integration space.

Cross- bio-psycho- social model

The contrast between dynamic and static approach is complementary.

Mental instances

An example of discrimination based on anatomical topographic representations of dynamic conception of mental processes is the three -instance model. Called psychic instances One can imagine as elements of a psychophysical system ( system theory). This psycho-physical model is based on the functional interaction of such elements analogous to the methodology of the physiology and neuropathology or analogous to the operation of the organ medicine. The novelty of this psychodynamic method is the inclusion of subjective- psychological facts in relation to the example more objectively - physiological methods in experimental psychology of Wilhelm Wundt (1879 ). The instances referred to by psychoanalysis in detail, the structures conscious, preconscious and unconscious are ( 1 topical Freud's theory ), and super-ego, ego and id ( 2.topische Freud's theory ), only later to the term psychodynamics have contributed.

Areas of application

Psychodynamics mainly plays a role in the personality and pathology of psychoanalysis, which explores the interaction between conscious and unconscious mental processes. There it is defined as the interaction and mutually opposing action of different psychological tendencies ( " forces ": impulses, motives and emotions ). It is of importance for the explanation of phenomena of symptom change and the effectiveness of the shock therapies. In these more physical aspects, but also model ideas of Pierre Janet as that of abaissement du niveau mental are to be mentioned. Freud here the terminology introduced economic aspects ( metapsychology ). Moreover, the term is also psychodynamics of general importance in the depth psychology and psychosomatic medicine in the diagnosis of mental disorders and creating treatment priorities and plans. The presentation of the psychodynamics is the most important part of the report to the appraiser within the POS application for psychodynamic and analytic psychotherapy.

Psychodynamics in the diagnosis

Recent developments such as the operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics ( OPD-2/2006 ) include the variability of symptoms due to psychodynamic model concepts in a diagnosis with one and come as the quality assurance requirements in more detail. Psychodynamic and psychotherapeutic diagnosis is therefore process-oriented. Psychotherapeutically induced changes can be tracked in the process, the process of change are described in the patient and be the result of treatment setting for therapy.