Pupa#Chrysalis
A doll called in zoology mostly located in complete rest position in a shell insect larva in the last stage of development on the way to full mature insect ( see also: Doll ( insect) ). When the butterflies the pupa is either surrounded by a thin shell, the pupa, or from a self- spun cocoon of the caterpillar or cocoon.
Dolls forms
At the subsumed under the butterflies butterfly families two types of dolls are distinguished according to the type of attachment to the document: Stürzpuppen and belt dolls. In the former, dolls hang, surrounded by a thin cocoon, free dangling hooks on a web anchor, which is attached to the backing. When the belt dolls the doll is surrounded as with the Stürzpuppen of a thin cocoon and attached to a base, but additionally connected by a web of thread which is spun like a belt around the midsection, with a branch or the like. These dolls usually do not hang down but are fixed by the thread spun up or to the side.
The dolls of the other butterfly families pupate either freely on the ground or in a more or less tightly woven web of silk. This is called cocoon. The silk is made of special silk glands, which are located on the lower lip. In order for the finished butterfly can leave his sometimes very solid doll again, precautions are necessary. Either a round lid is provided which is then pushed open from the inside, or Reuse allows hinauszukriechen the moth, without having uninvited guests enter through this. This is for example the little Emperor Moth ( Saturnia pavonia ) the case. Other species but from the mouth of a liquid, which softens the cocoon.
In moths, the above-mentioned forms occur, but the cocoon shape with relatively frequent. Puppets without cocoon hang over the earth, but rest in the ground.
Pupation
Is the caterpillar grow up, they begin pupation by shedding its skin for the last time. After the metamorphosis takes place for the butterfly. The caterpillars organs are removed or reshaped and transformed into butterflies organs and the entire outer shape of the animals varies. The pupae of butterflies are basically mummy dolls. This means that all body appendages (sensor, equipment leg and wing sheaths ) are glued with a glue to the body. Only the Urmotten ( Micropterigidae ) have free puppet show, in which the limbs are not bonded. The three body sections are difficult, however, to recognize the body and attachments of the head well with the mummy dolls.
The dolls phase (so-called pupal period ) is usually two to four weeks. However, some species hibernate as a pupa. Here the moths develop before the winter, but do not hatch until spring. Sometimes the moths rest in the Dolls longer than one winter. Thus, for example, the Spring Eggar ( Eriogaster lanestris ) remain up to seven years in her doll before they hatch.
Camouflage and hatching
In many species (especially butterflies ), the dolls have no protective web or cocoon, but only a doll skin. They are therefore very delicate and need to have a good camouflage. You can not - as with dolls in the soil (moth ) or species with thick web - trust that predators drain because of the tough and hard impenetrable shell of her attack. Such dolls are often perfectly camouflaged, such as fresh or dried leaves. Some can even make a chirping noises to confuse attackers.
The doll is almost immobile. You can only swing the abdomen sideways and run rolling movements. Some (eg Clearwing ( Sesiidae ) and wood borers ( Cossidae ) ) possess the abdomen segments thorns, with which they can work ahead in their feeding tunnels in the wood towards the opening to make it easier to get to the slip to the outside. In the more primitive families but also the appendages can be easily moved.
Upward belt doll tree - white body; after about the first third of the thin thread belt is recognizable
Cocoon of the silkworm.