Qasida

The Qasida (Arabic قصيدة, DMG qasida ), Germanized qasida, is a pre-Islamic ( Dschahiliya ) derived form of a poem. The term derives from the Arabic verb qaṣada ( قصد ), which means " something intend to pursue a goal " to be translated. This leaves the former purpose of the Qasida be clear: the poet reinforces his tribal community through glorification or revile their enemies, and last but not least, he praises himself and his art. Due to the merely fragmentary sources from pre-Islamic times is still debate as to what extent one can speak of a primal form of Qasida ( Bedouin Qasida ) and what were their formal criteria. The Qasida spread with the expansion of the Arab- Islamic culture also far outside the Arabian Peninsula.

History

Through the Islamic expansion, the Qasida between the 10th and 12th century, for example, by connecting with elements of Persian poetry to one of the four major literary genres of Persian poetry. In the former field emergence of Qasida - in Arabia - the form with the emergence of Islam was primarily used in religious contexts. In the 20th century it was secularized again visited in Egypt and reached eg in sung form (eg in the repertoire Umm Kulthums ) immense popularity.

The Qasida influenced the poetry and forms of the peoples of Central Asia and India, the Swahili culture and the peoples of North and West Africa and emerged as an ' Hebrew Qaside " in Muslim Spain on.

After Spain, the so-called " Umayyad Qasida " come. It is in contrast to a Stammesqasida Hofqasida, a song of praise of the ruler or a song insulting his enemies. In love theme, the Qasida became independent to the so-called Gazal, which can have up to 70 verses. Forms of the Qasida in al -Andalus, the panegyric Qasida, mourning songs, Gazal, wine and hunting songs. In Ghazni (now in Afghanistan ) had a number of poets at the court of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, so that the Qasida here too, experienced a period of prosperity under the Ghaznavids. Farruchi, Unsuri and Manutschihri written eg numerous Qasidas, but Anwari († 1187 ) in the genus a model; the eminent Persian poet and follower of Avicenna lived in the middle of the 12th century. The Qasida took over time also biographical traits, but even in the praise of the court added the poet added philosophically instructive content.

For the praise poems of Persian poetry with Indian Reimordung is Amir Khusrau Dehlawi (1253-1325, Dehlawi = from Delhi ) is known. The Persian poetry with Indian meter reached its peak in the works of the poet who was also born in Delhi Ustad Hassan Dehlawi (1274-1337), Hakim Abdul Qader Bedel e Dehlawi ( 1720) and Sir Muhammad Iqbal ( 1877-1938 ). Also, the medieval Spanish- Jewish poet Judah ha -Levi wrote his praise and Lamentations, of which about 180 are obtained in the form of Qasida.

Features

Among the formal criteria that have evolved over time, include the maintenance of a certain metrical, the occurrences of the same syllable rhyme at the end of the second half of the verse, as well as the polythematische design. The ancient Arabic poetry was already experimenting with a variety of metric subdivisions, resulting in a canon formed at Versfüßen, some of which are preferred for the drafting of a Qasida were used.

Content can be ancient Arabic Qasida divided into three parts: an introductory part ( nasib ), which deals with an irretrievable past and by the motives of the abandoned camp location ( al - ʾ Atlal ), the memory of the loved one, pain of separation, the aging lover, or dream-like appearance of the beloved is presented. In a second part we find the most detailed description of a camel or horse Ritts, thereby ending the processing of grief and the grant will be presented to the active life .. place In a third part, finally, the self-praise of the poet, a praise on the trunk or a patron or the invective of an opponent.

" The Qasidendichtung with their subject matter from the Bedouin life has vital retained after the Islamization until they froze in the 8th century by increasing urbanization and a dwindling respect to the former tribal lifestyle to an archaic form. "