Radio teleswitch
The radio ripple control technology is used - similar to audio frequency ripple control technology - the remote control of consumers in the supply system of an energy supply company ( Demand Side Management). Here but not the power grid but a long-wave radio channel as a transmission path is used.
Development
With the post- structural reform in the early 1990s and the consequent elimination of the sovereign rights of the German Federal Post Office to introduce a centralized control method via radio in the Federal Republic was possible. In other countries such as the UK ( long wave) or the U.S. ( UHF-/VHF-Band ) already exist such systems. In Britain, the transmission of the control signals is phase modulated together with amplitude-modulated voice or music signals on public long-wave transmitter.
Beginning of the nineties there were in Germany efforts to build a network control method with nationwide to receiving long-wave transmitters. In particular, the pent-up demand for ripple control end technology in the new Länder after the German reunification was the impetus, a central radio ripple control transmitter system for the whole of Germany to build. Its capital and operating costs would significantly lower than the construction of conventional audio frequency ripple control transmitters with the individual network operators. The served as a model already with sufficient reception quality throughout Germany and beyond to receiving DCF77 Telekom.
In 1992, the VDEW thereupon formed an ad hoc working group " ripple control over the radio ," whose task was to prepare a study on the technical feasibility and economic viability of the radio ripple control. The study showed that the radio ripple control technology is technically possible and compared to the audio-frequency ripple control after exceeding a critical mass (about 3 % of the originally inserted ripple control receiver) is even much cheaper.
An industry working group set out from November 1992, the task of defining the system and to define interfaces and technical features. Same time, the German Telekom in 1992 and 1993, a field test by which the bit error rate in the intended long-wave channel ( Mainflingen, 129.1 kHz) should determine at different baud rates. This radio test receivers were provided by the DeTeWe Funkwerk Köpenick GmbH.
In August 1993, then the operating company European Radio Ripple Control GmbH has been founded. Shareholders were then the Berliner Kraft-und Licht AG (BEWAG ), Isar- Amper works in Munich, the Frankish Überlandwerk in Nuremberg (now N- ERGY ) and the Überlandwerk Lower Franconia in Würzburg. Also starting in August 1993 field tests were conducted with the first prototype radio ripple control receivers. Middle of next year could be installed at BEWAG the first production model of the radio ripple control receiver. The series delivery took place in 1995.
Transmission facilities
Currently, the radio ripple control over three long wave transmitter in Mainflingen near Frankfurt, Burg (near Magdeburg ) and operated since 2006 in Lakihegy in Hungary. The two stations in Germany are - belonging to the end of 2007 Deutsche Telekom subsidiary T-Systems - now owned by Media Broadcast GmbH and operated on behalf of the European Radio Ripple Control GmbH (ERA).
The transmitter in the transmitter site Mainflingen, where among other things, also the DCF77 time signal is sent, works with a rated power of 100 kW at the frequency of 129.1 kHz ( DCF49 ), the transmitter castle with 50 kW on 139 kHz ( DCF39 ) and the station Lakihegy with 100 kW to 135.6 kHz ( HGA22 ).
Radio ripple control receiver
In the radio ripple control technology compared to the audio frequency ripple control technology will not force so sent out each switching command to the desired switching time from the broadcast center. The radio ripple control receivers include the function of a programmable timer which executes its circuits automatically. Be carried over the radio channel only regular time synchronization of the receiver internal clock, changing parameter settings of switching points in time or time-sensitive circuits such as the brightness-dependent circuit of street lighting equipment. The radio ripple control receiver have built only a long-wave receiver (such as a radio receiver ) and therefore even send radio signals from.
Protocol
Most messages are few bytes long (about 1 second), but a length of 30 bytes is possible. The reaction time is a few seconds. A telegram is asynchronous shift with 200 baud and 340 Hz, sent with 8 data bits and one even parity bit. The protocol is defined in IEC 60870-5, or 870-5 (old system ). A data telegram consists of 7 bytes header, a User Data field with up to 16 bytes and a number of leading bytes:
- Start 68h (h = hexadecimal ) - L field - L box repeat - Start 68h - C field - A field - CI field - User data bytes 0-16 - Checksum - Stop 16h After the start character 68h, follows the length field (L ) which is transmitted two times, followed by another start character ( 68h ). After this, the C-field, the A field and the CI field follows. The L defines the number of user data bytes plus 3 (for C, A, CI). The C field (control field function ) field specifies the data direction and is responsible for other tasks. The A- field (address ) field indicates the recipient's address; Addresses from 1 to 250 can be assigned to individual users. Address 255 (FFh ) is used to provide information to all participants to send (broadcast). This is, for example, the time / date update ( every 10 seconds ) is used. The importance of the CI field (control information field) is still not entirely clear. May be used as a Addressierungserweiterung. Mostly it is identical to the A- field. The user data field is followed by the checksum, which is formed from the load- significant byte of the arithmetic sum of C, A, CI and the last user bytes. At the end sent the stop character 16h. Most messages are sent one more time. Currently varying the length between L = 5 to L = 13 Sometimes the string " DCF49 TEST" in the userData field, with L = 13, C = FFh, A = FFh (broadcast), CI = FFh sent.
A more detailed protocol specification can be found in the associated DIN standard.
In Versacom and Semagyr transmission protocol according to DIN 43861 Part 3 and 4 for round control => 7 byte header length of the information field assignable 2-15 bytes, 1 byte checksum and stop byte after FT1.2 generated a total length of 24 bytes per data telegram.
- Start 68h (h = hexadecimal ) - L length of user data - L repetition - Repeat start 68h - Message number (07 - F7h 10h increment per telegram ) - User address 1.Byte - User address 2nd byte - User Data Bytes 2-15 * Function and the address byte * Max. 5 bytes functional specification * Individual or group addressing information and relay info - checksum - Stop 16h individual addressing
In a single address of a receiver are 3 bytes are available for the address. Thus, a number of 16777215 recipients would be addressed individually.
Most significant bit least significant bit | | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | 1 byte 2 bytes 4 bytes 3Byte | | Relay Assignment | | Single Address | | | | | | | | | RelaisNr.1 | | | | | | | | RelaisNr.6 | Not used Not used If bit = 1 then relay relay switched. * Frame Received: Sunday, June 10 2012 17:02:19 Start - Brand: 68 L- box: 0a Start - Brand: 68 C-field: 65 message number: 6 Address 1 (A- Field): 00 Address 2 (CI - Field): 00 RAW HEX DATA: 00 78 02 91 00000000 01111000 00000010 10,010,001th x. . ea 06 0c 11101010 00000110 00,001,100th. . User data length: 7 bytes Checksum: 6c End brand: 16 Transferred Time: 17:02 Date: 10:06:12 costs
In Energieverbraucher.de cost per Funk-Teilnehmer/Empfänger be quantified in the month from 0.65 €. The radio ripple control receiver here costs 100 euros (large quantity).
Manufacturer
- Wireless netcontrol GmbH
- Prolan AG
- Landis Gyr
- Langmatz