Ragöse
The stream just before crossing under the highway 291 About 1 km from its confluence with the Finowkanal
Region Chorin - Eberswalde; the Ragöse rises in the top left
The Ragöse (also Ragöser flow ) is a ten kilometer long brook in the Biosphere Reserve Schorfheide -Chorin Brandenburg in the Barnim district.
Two arms of the source Fließes lie west of Golzow, in the municipality of Chorin. Another source stream is originally the natural flow of Chorin office lake at the former Cistercian monastery Chorin. This riverbed is now called on many maps as Nettelgraben while historical studies also speak in this arm of the Ragöse or from the upper reaches of the Ragöse. The Ragöse drained in its course the wetlands at the Chorin districts Sandkrugbrücke and Neuehütte and ends after crossing below the dam Ragöser / Oder - Havel Canal to the city of Eberswalde near the Ragöser lock on the left side in the Finowkanal.
- 4.1 Golzower source arms
- 4.2 Drain Amtssee 4.2.1 roulette and Nettelgraben
- 4.2.2 Klosterscheune
Ersterwähnungen and etymology
Rogosene
The first known mention of the river comes from the year 1277 as riuulum Rogosene. 1300 we find the name in rivum Rogösen, 1317 the entry supra aquam Rogose and 1340 Fluvium, dictum Rogose. A document from 1483, contains the words the Rogöse . Already in 1258 saw the margrave's foundation charter for the monastery Mariensee ( previous system of the monastery Chorin ) the original Slavic Village Ragösen at the Ragöser mill ( Molendinum Rogozen, 1375 ) at Sandkrugbrücke as villas ... Rogosene. The village Ragösen is no longer present in the area there are many homes and a restaurant belonging to the town of Sand pitcher.
Rogosene is assigned to Rogoz = cattails, reeds altpolabischen the basic form Rogoz'n. From the West Slavic language domain names corresponding at least 44 are known, including the rohodź Upper Sorbian Lower Sorbian word or the Rogóż for cattails. In terms of the village Ragösen Rogosene means according to Reinhard E. Fischer place where reeds grow.
Lupanitz / Limnitz - headwaters
The Slavs called the present headwaters of Ragöse Lupanitz. According to Eva Drieschner today watercourses do not agree with the name and design of the drainage network in the Slavic period. So the name of the Golzower upper reaches as Ragöse to union with the Nettelgraben was actually wrong, even if it is included in Messtischblatt. The Urmesstischblatt have listed a dry valley without naming here. This river section is mentioned in a document of 1277 as Fluvium Lupanitz and still in 1972, the inhabitants of the surrounding area had been aware of this river only as part Limnitz. The actual historic headwaters of Ragöse (or the flow that you looked at it in historical time ) had been closer in the area of the later Nettelgrabens and had been referred to in the document as opposed to Fluvium Lupanitz only as rivulus = Bach.
The Brandenburg book of names ( and waters) recorded the Limnitzgraben for the upper reaches of Ragöse and performs a mention already for 1258 in riuulum Lupanitz to. The Erbregister the Office Liebenwalde contained in 1589 the entry to Lebbenitz. For the etymology of the altpolabische basic form Lupanica to lupiti, lupati = flay, peel, tear is specified.
Geology
The Golzower source area lies on the southern edge of the Pomeranian terminal moraine of the Weichsel ice age glacier and the lake at the source Chorin Endmoränenbogen Chorin, part of the Pomeranian season. The Golzower Quellarm flows through the beginning glazifluviatile sands and gravels of the Sander from this season. After the confluence with the arm out of the Chorin lake, the flow uses a swampy today meltwater sink, according to G. Berendt (1887 ) The Chorin meltwater between Chorin and the Eberswalde glacial valley, which consists mainly of peat and peat. In the estuary is dominated by mighty sand and gravel layers of sand with occasional clay or Schlufflinsen, the water table is 1.5 to 4 meters comparatively very shallow.
Climate
The Ragöse is located in the temperate climate zone. The average annual temperature in the near Angermuende is 8.3 ° C and the mean annual rainfall 532 mm. The warmest months are July and August with an average of 17.5 or 17.1 ° C and the coldest January and February at -1.2 or -0.3 ° C on average. Most precipitation falls in June with an average of 69 mm, the lowest in February with an average of 30 mm. The Ragöse runs long distances on the high plateau of Endmöräne and there in vast forest areas. So it is relatively protected from strong winds.
The Ragöse freezes in severe winters, sometimes it also freezes completely. Due to the Brandenburg relatively high flow rate of the stream freezes only at high subzero temperatures. With an average gradient of 0.38 %, the average flow velocity in the estuary is 0.4 m / s, the flow rate is 0.5 m / s Except for the mouth of the Ragöse located above the north named after the town of Eberswalde Eberswalde glacial valley, which has emerged in the recent, the Weichsel glaciation. Since the mouth of the river Finow has strongly incised in the bottom of the glacial valley, this is significantly lower than the actual bottom of the glacial valley.
History and mills
Golzower source arms
The source arms are located east of the breakpoint Golzow the railway line Eberswalde- Joachimsthal the East German Eisenbahn GmbH ( line RB 63 of the Transport Association Berlin- Brandenburg - VBB). They are about a hundred meters apart, wrap around in different directions a little overgrown with bushes and small trees, hills and flow together after a few hundred meters. The Ragöse runs along the western edge of the forest Chorin to the south and turns to the approximately three kilometers to the southeast through the forest. The creek crosses under about two kilometers southwest of Chorin the railway line between Berlin and Szczecin ( Stettin railway ) and reached a swampy groove. In the wetland, the flow decreases after a course of around six kilometers short of the Ragöser mill the effluent from the Amtssee on. The source Golzower arms are regularly dry warm summers and fill up again until rainier fall. Exact sources are difficult to make out the source arm starts in the middle of a meadow.
Outflow Amtssee
Puncture and Nettelgraben
Until the 15th century by Wolfgang Erdmann so called upper reaches of the Ragöse formed ( Mühlengraben ) the natural drainage of the district lake and led to the south and west side in an arc around the monastery Chorin around, which built the Cistercian no later than 1273 on the lakeside had. Rising water levels prompted the monks, probably in the 15th century, a 200 meter long straight grave puncture from the western shore directly to the designated here as Ragöse creek on the north side of the monastery. The bed of the former Ragöseoberlaufs at the monastery mill they poured on later.
The outflow from the lake Chorin ( Amtssee ) to the confluence of the streams before Ragöser mill denote many cards as a continuation of Nettelgrabens. A man-made ditch, however, is only 200 meters long piercing here. The actual Nettelgraben however, dates back to the 13th century and runs at a different lake. This moat had the monks created in a time when the water levels were still significantly lower in order to attract more lake water to supply the monastery and the water mills on the Ragöse. The Nettelgraben led and still leads today from the northern shore of Lake Office northeast to higher ground and now isolated the White Sea, which formed a bay of Lake Parsteiner the time of grave system. White and Parsteiner See today are connected to a water level and by a ditch, which goes under the village street of Brodowin.
This drains the Ragöse in the continuation of the Nettelgrabens over the Amtssee also Parsteiner Lake, the largest lake in the Biosphere Reserve. However, the Nettelgraben falls today occasionally dry, as appropriate protective measures of reserve management to prevent the drying out of wetlands in particular in the total reserve Plagefenn. The Plagefenn is not integrated in the flow system of Parsteiner lake and Nettelgraben, it drains the plague lakes south towards Liepe in the Finowkanal. The drained water this amount is very small and would remain in the cycle of Ragöse without significant influence. At the time of the construction of irrigation systems between Parsteiner lake and Amtssee all these lakes were still miteinenader connected.
Klosterscheune
The later monastery mill existed at the time of the founding of the monastery as a mill of Alexander and was loudly foundation deed of 1258 establishing facilities of the monastery. From this Slavic mill today only a few remnants in the foundations of the ruins of the monastery mill have been preserved. The Slavic mill was probably not much smaller than the later Ascanian. The Ascanians built their buildings demolished or destroyed buildings like on the Slavs, in the monastery Mariensee and the nave in Chorin monastery they did the same. The Cistercians placed high demands on good drinking water and sanitation. Since they also led small towns as their monasteries, there was a high demand for the supply of water. They therefore replaced before their move from Parsteiner lake at the lake Chorin the Alexander Mill by a powerful large building, which went far beyond the machine shop or factory house through traditional water mills. Was the sophisticated mill construction technology of the Order also used soon after its invention in the 12th century camshaft / PTO for up and down movements, so that the hall next to the grinding and Zerschroten of grain and barley also for hammering, stamping, walking, oil hitting or Rindenzerfaserung used. Turning movements allowed the turning and grinding. Most likely goal to wave trees outside seven large water-powered paddle wheels and inside the necessary power transmission comb wheels. The monastery mill is today only a ruin.
By wetlands to Ragöser mill
After the puncture behind the monastery of Seeabfluss Ragöse flows through a wooded landscape to the southwest in a break area with smaller lakes such as the Great Hopfengartensee and ponds, some of which he traversed. After a turn to the south he reached after about three kilometers, the Ragöser flow that comes from Golzow. Shortly after his unification of the stream takes on the cold water, an opposite long stream channel that begins at the Eberswalde Lichterfelder settlement and the Ragöse to the northeast by a wetland with the small city lake, big city lake and the lake will flow to cold water. The Ragöse continues to flow to the south and west by the Great Holy See over. The water of this lake and the surrounding wetlands it absorbs over a small stream. Shortly after they reached the Ragöser mill, which belongs to the district of Chorin Sandkrugbrücke.
Ragöser mill
These mill on no longer existing and eponymous village Villas ... Rogosene existed before 1258 and belonged also to the establishment of the former monastery Chorin. The exact location is not to be determined and she's probably already at the beginning of the 14th century no longer exists. The Book of Charles IV in the land of 1375 recorded Molendinum Rogozen is most likely already a successor building. Also this mill and other Folgebauten are no longer available. Today, there is a brand new hotel as Ragöser mill.
In some histories can be found for the Ragöser mill the mill the wrong name Waldemar. Then the Chorin monks discovered in the mill supposedly the miller lad, said to have been very similar to the late, last askanischen Margrave Waldemar and they were resurrected in the unstable transition times of the Wittelsbach to the Luxembourgers from making political calculations as wrong Woldemar. Supposedly they prepared the miller in the monastery intensively on his role before and endowed him with dress and ring of the real Waldemar, who is buried in the monastery of. This representation of the origin of the false Woldemar who take some mills similar claim for themselves, is not much more than a legend, the truth of which already Theodor Fontane rejected: " [ ... ] that is doing too much honor to the monastery when he, as happened, nachredet that there had [ ... ] on the return and restitution of Valdemar, if necessary, any Waldemar worked ".
Shortly after the mill Ragöser beavers have dammed up in the years after 2000 the course of the river Ragöse again and again, which has led to the fact that in the crossing of the B2 an extensive wetland has been created, the water level has risen here clearly perceptible. The tunnel under the main road is not designed for and is reaching its capacity limits.
Upland and Fenngebiete at Neuehütte
After Ragöser mill the Ragöse crosses under the highway 2 and flows through Polenz Werder on the west side of the reserve Fettseemoor and Mönchsheide further south to Chorin district Neuehütte. Again, a mill that made a Vorwerk the nearby town of Eberswalde in the 16th century under the name Far location. In 1800 replaced a glassworks the Vorwerk. The Ragöse absorbs the water from the surrounding upland and Fenngebiete as well as the outflow of the nearby its 2.6 ha Bach lake at New Hut. After another 500 meters through the Mönchsheide the flow reaches the Oder- Havel Canal.
Ragöser dam and mouth
→ Main article: Ragöser dam
The highest dam in Europe channel has a length of 800 meters and was built during the construction of the Oder- Havel Canal in the years 1906 to 1911 to compensate for the difference in height in the valley of Ragöse. For the dam one million cubic meters of earth were piled up. The Ragöse crosses under the Oder- Havel Canal approximately in the middle of the dam ( OHK 71.6 ). The Ragösedurchlass from 1908 has a blade profile, a width of 4.20 meters and a height of 4.30 meters. The length was originally 156.30 meters. 38 concrete rings with different strengths depending on the height of the bed form the tube. At that time, even boat trips were permitted by the tunnel. 1997/98 security measures were performed on passage.
About 600 meters after the dam reached the Ragöse past the monk mountain glacial valley and the Eberswalde happened at the bridge of Highway 291 ( former stock road from Eberswalde to Odersberg ) the listed Chausseehaus monk bridge from the 1850s. Here it turns east and flows with a part of about 200 meters below the Ragöser lock into the Finowkanal. Another part, the outflow of a former fishing, flows just behind the Ragöser lock in the waterway.
Ecology, flora and fauna
As part of the biosphere reserve Schorfheide -Chorin the Ragöse and its surroundings are the subject of extensive protective measures of reserve management for the flora, fauna and water resources of the area and its habitats.
NSG Fettseemoor
The nature reserve Fettseemoor in New cottage was originally a single catchment area with a peat thickness of 17 meters. 1844 and 1882/83 trenches were created for drainage and peat extraction, parts of the mesotrophic bog were used until the 1950s. After draining and large-scale humification of the soil became established in the former coppice free bog gray willows and larger stocks of pine and birch trees. Protection measures lead since 1987 on rewetting. The water get today over a ditch in the Ragöse. Due to the water areas newly created has in Fettseemoor " resettled and rewetting optimized so that they installed an additional storage in the outflow of the weirs. " One beaver population in the 1990s, The Regulation of 12 September 1990 are for the nature reserve as a protection purpose: "Conservation of habitats of endangered animal and plant species in a functional mesotrophic bog complex. "
Flora
The largely unspoiled river and its banks are overgrown in many sections of reeds. Particularly striking are the reddish tentacles to catch the round-leaved sundew leaves of. The Red List of Brandenburg leads the flower of the year 1992 under the early warning stage. In the marshes and marsh plants, moisture- loving plants and herb plants found as the marsh marigold ( Caltha palustris), the Meadow Cress ( Cardamine pratensis), or purple loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria ). The forest Chorin, which the flow goes through the upper part is dominated by beech woods. Mixed forests of oak and various conifer species complement the natural beech stands. In the herb layer of forests bloom in spring expansive white grass carpets of wood anemones (Anemone nemorosa). Since protected areas such as the Plagefenn may not be grazed, got the municipalities in the Mönchsheide compensation areas, which led after clearing the total eradication of the oak trees on the monk Heider Sander. The landscape in Endmoränenbogen Chorin is characterized by intensive forestry. In the extensive 1200 hectare forest Chorin skidding horses are used to carry timber to conserve the forest floor.
Fauna
The reed sections of Ragöse offer a diverse community of molluscs (eg, river snails, Ramshorn snails ), insects (eg midges, dragonflies ), amphibians, reptiles, and birds ( for example, Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus ) ) a home.
The only breeding pair of White-throated Dipper ( Cinclus cinclus ), which could be detected in the last few decades to 1997 in Brandenburg, poring 1966 at the Ragöse. The rare but regular migrant and overwintering leads the Red List of threatened state under the status of extinction. In the vast forests, among others Goshawk ( Accipiter gentilis), Sperber are (Accipiter nisus), black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius ), Wren ( Troglodytes troglodytes) and robins (Erithacus rubecula ) at home.
Red and roe deer roam the forest Chorin and Mönchsheide. In the undergrowth find black - and small-game coverage. After the clearing of the Mönchsheide inventory numbers dropped sharply and are given for the second half of the 19th century for the deer with 40 to 50 pieces and the deer with 80 to 120 pieces. Sows were then only change game. Since the protection of the biosphere reserve, the stocks have recovered significantly. Flocks of sheep and herds of goats graze in paddocks in the available space. Beavers have settled on the Fettseemoor addition, in the mouth area of the Ragöse in the Finowkanal. At this point, further live otters, which are among the best swimmers among land predators.