Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (also: de Vacqueiras and de Vacqueyras; * in Vacqueyras, Vaucluse, Provence, † after 1202) was a troubadour from Vacqueyras southern France in Provence, who worked mainly in Italy.
From the lower Provencal nobility to arise, he was probably at the court of the Prince of Orange (Orange) sent before he went to one of the first Southern French troubadours in Italian services. In Italy, he made his fortune at the court of the Marquis Boniface of Montferrat, which he in his own words as ' witness ' ( testimoni ) presumably the count's glories as a knight ( cavalier ) and as a performance artist at court ( joclar ) was at the service. Following the presentation in his rhyme letter Valen Marques, Senher de Monferrato, so Raimbaut has earned for its military achievements in the enterprises of the Marquis in Upper Italy and Sicily a kind of privileged position in its wake.
1201 Boniface took part in the Fourth Crusade. Raimbaut was during the siege of Constantinople by his side, more data are no longer known about him. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire of the Margrave was rewarded with the Kingdom of Thessalonica, which he took possession in 1205. In 1207 he was attacked by rebel Bulgarians from ambush and killed with the men in his entourage. Since concrete news about Raimbaut missing, it has been suggested that he was killed on this occasion.
Raimbaut is an important representative of the Trobadordichtung who not only dominated the literary repertoire of this seal, but has also expanded independently. His songs are written in Occitan poetic language of southern France, which at that time as a leading language of courtly Sangesdichtung at the European courts, as well as to the cultural centers of the German minnesong, spread and in Italy not only of immigrant troubadours as Raimbaut, but soon also of Italians was used as song and poetry language.
Among the 26 texts that are attributed to him today, the musicological historically important Kalenda maia, the rare case of Occitan dance song is to the tune and design of a Estampie that Raimbaut should have written after the court of the Counts two arrivals from French minstrels heard a fiddle Estampie. From Raimbaut who also wrote the famous multilingual courtly descort Eras quan vey verdeyar, whose five stanzas are written respectively in another Romance language ( Occitan, Italian, French, Gascon and Galician) and are written by a written in all five languages escort verse. Furthermore, the pastourellenartige bilingual dispute poem Domna, tant vos ai preiada, in which the singer a Genueserin by all the rules of courtly art tendered at as a lover and of her a furious rebuff to Genoese (or what Raimbaut held for it) gets issued. Its already mentioned rhyme letter finally to the Margrave of Montferrat not just a cultural- historically important archaeological site on the position of troubadours at an Italian Fuerstenhof, but also takes account of its shape - three each einreimige laisses - a special position in the trobadoresken tradition one.
Raimbaut played an important role in mediating the southern French Trobadordichtung to Italy - where he has also Dante and Petrarch still affected - and in accepting new Romanesque suggestions in this poetic tradition.