Ramiro de León Carpio
Ramiro de León Carpio ( born January 12, 1942 in Guatemala City, † April 16, 2002 in Miami, Florida) was a Latin American lawyer and politician. Of 6 June 1993 to 14 January 1996, he was President of Guatemala.
Life
He studied law at the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, and on the run by Jesuit University Rafael Landívar in Guatemala City, where he edited the newspaper Sol Bolivarian. He was admitted as an attorney and notary.
From 1967 to 1969 he worked as a civil servant in the Ministry of Economy in the Tax Division of the Southern Common Market Centroamericano. From 1970 to 1974 he was Secretary General of the State Council under Carlos Arana Osorio. During this time he became a member of the state party Movimiento de Liberación Nacional ( MLN) From 1978 to 1981 he was a lawyer of the Asociación de Azucareros de Guatemala. From 1981 to 1983 he was Managing Director of the Asociación de Azucareros de Guatemala. He was involved in the detachment of Efraín Ríos Montt Óscar Humberto Mejía through. Together with his cousin Jorge Carpio he was among the founders of the Unión de Centro Nacional ( UCN ). From 1983 to 1986 he was the first Secretary General of the UCN, from which he parted later. From 1984 to 1986 he was one of the 21 members of the party in the " Comisión de los Treinta ", the Constituent Assembly, which adopted the Constitution of 1985. In 1985, he supported his cousin Jorge Carpio in the presidential campaign, he was provided with his choice as his deputy. Jorge Carpio reached the ballot, then Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo became president. He founded the Instituto de Investigación y Capacitación Anastasio Tzul ( ICAT ) and was Chairman of the Consejo de la Sociedad Civil Centroamericana para la Paz ( COCEPAZ ).
Procurator Derechos Humanos de los
In 1989 he was Procurator Derechos Humanos de los complained to human rights violations and was a critic of the government troops, which he made numerous crimes and is responsible for the repression in Guatemala. The Procurator Derechos Humanos de los is a Human Rights Commissioner of the Parliament. His role and responsibilities have been defined in the Constitution of 1985. Langer's authority is called Procuraduría de los Derechos Humanos is, a publication that authority El defensor del pueblo. The Office is also available at department level.
Presidency
May 25, 1993 Jorge Serrano Elías made the Serranazo, as head of the executive, he got rid of his controlling body, the legislature: he dissolved the Parliament, decreed a state of emergency and gave to arrest the Ramiro de León Carpio command and others. Ramiro de León Carpio gave way to the arrest by an escape over the roofs of nearby homes and could then condemn the coup publicly. On 1 June 1993, Jorge Serrano Elías looked forced to flee Guatemala. The Army wanted to install Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero, the deputy of Jorge Serrano Elías as president. Ramiro de León Carpio had to have accused him of breaking the constitution during the coup. On June 5, 1993 Gustavo Espina resigned. By an overwhelming conviction of Parliament Ramiro de León Carpio was soon sworn in as president.
Ramiro de León Carpio swore to defend the public liberty and the rule of law, and the negotiations with the guerrillas advance, to punish the armed forces for their misdeeds. He dismissed the Secretary of Defense General José Domingo García Samayoa and appointed General Jorge Roberto Peru Sina Rivera, who was involved in the massacres in the 1980s.
On July 3, 1993, his cousin Jorge Carpio, who was involved in the peace negotiations, murdered. On August 26, 1993, he demanded that all members of parliament and all judges of the Supreme Court resign. This led to a crisis that lasted until 16 November 1993 and led to 43 amendments to the Constitution of 1985, which were approved in a referendum on 30 January 1994.
On January 6, 1994 of American States ( OAS), a less dominant role of the government army, negotiations with the URNG guerrillas were conducted under the auspices of the United Nations and the Organization. On March 29, 1994, a global convention on human rights, in which the dissolution of the paramilitary Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil ( PAC), which played an essential role in the massacre was called, agreed. On April 3, 1994, the presiding judge of the Constitutional Court Eduardo Epaminondas González Dubón was murdered. On 5 October 1995 sent 26 soldiers and a corporal in Xaman, one indigenous community in the Departamento de Alta Verapaz to a massacre. On August 14, 1994 80 of the 116 MPs were elected, it was unusual for Guatemala, usually the members of parliament are elected jointly with the president. On 14 November 1995, the first round of presidential elections took place and in the second ballot on January 7, 1996, President Álvaro Arzú of Guatemala.
FRG membership
In October 1995, Ramiro de León Carpio member of the Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana. In the next few years he worked as an international consultant and was an election observer of the OAS. In 1999 he joined the Frente Republicano Guatemalteco ( FRG), the party of Ríos Montt, and was elected as a deputy in the Congress. On 18 March 2002, he resigned from the FRG and from his parliamentary seat, and he said he never wanted the invitation of Ríos Montt in the party adopted eintzutreten.
He had the intention to write memoirs, and participated in international work. On a visit to Miami, he died of diabetes mellitus. It was ordered state mourning and he was given a state funeral.