Ranunculus arvensis
Field buttercup (R. arvensis)
The field - Buttercup ( Ranunculus arvensis ) is a flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae ( Ranunculaceae ). It is native to Eurasia.
Description
Appearance and foliage leaf
The field - buttercups growing as annual herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth (15 to ) usually 20 to 80 cm. The upright or ascending stem is branched and glabrous to more or less hairy fitting.
The leaves are distributed basal and alternate on the stem. The three to five basal leaves and lower stem leaves are composed of petiole and leaf blade. My 1.6 to 6 cm long petiole is sparsely hairy fluffy. Your paper-like, pressed sparse fluffy hairy leaf blade is obovate or broadly rhombic in outline with a length of 1.5 to 5.2 cm and a width of 1.5 to 4.2 cm and more or less broadly wedge -shaped Spreitenbasis. It is three-lobed to more or less deeply in three parts and at the rounded or cusped top two or tridentate; their leaf sections are narrow wedge-shaped, inverted - lanceolate or linear. The upper stem leaves are sessile, glabrous, more or less in three parts with narrow wedge-shaped or linear - lanceolate segments.
Flower
Some flowers are on one plant each in relation to the upper leaves. The terete pedicels are hairy pressed fluffy. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers have a diameter 4-15 mm. The base of the flower ( Rezeptaculum ) is sparsely hairy stiff. The five outspread sepals are narrowly egg-shaped with a length of 4 to 7 mm and a width of 1 to 2 mm and at the bottom pressed hairy bristly. The five bright yellow to greenish - yellow petals are obovate rounded with a length of 5.5 to 8 mm and a width of 2 to 4 mm and at the top. The nectar pit is covered by a scale. There are many stamens present. The 3-8 mm long plunger has an approximately 2.6 mm long, durable stylus.
Fruit
In a disk-shaped to almost spherical, diameter 8 to 12 mm large collecting fruit are five to eight nutlets together. The flat and edged, bare nutlets are elliptical with a length of (4 to ) mostly 6-7 (up to 8) mm and a width of 2.8 to 5 mm. They are studded with 2-4 mm long spines or sometimes ripped reticular. The 1.6 to 3.8 mm long beak subulate, straight or more or less curved at the tip. The nutlets are typical velcro fruit; but it also takes place editing spread by small birds.
The flowering period extends, depending on the location of April to July. Fruit ripening from June to September.
The plant is tetraploid, their chromosome number is 2n = 32
.
Occurrence
The field Buttercup is widespread in Europe and Asia Minor. For example, in parts of North America and China, he is a neophyte.
The field buttercup comes to montane collin on rich, loamy- clayey fields before and is considered Lehmzeiger. He is base hold. The deposits are scattered in all German states until rare. This poisonous plant species is mainly threatened by herbicide use in agriculture.
Swell
- Alan T. Whittemore: Ranunculus arvensis. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 3: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae, Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al, 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6, p 106 ( section reporting and dissemination ).
- Wang Wencai & Michael G. Gilbert: Ranunculus arvensis. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-05-9, p 430, PDF file ( Section Description and dissemination ).
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raymond Fischer, Manfred A. Fischer (ed.): Excursion Flora of Austria. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6.
- Field buttercup. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Ruprecht Duell, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket Dictionary of Plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common central European species in the portrait. 7, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1.