Ranunculus flammula

Burning Buttercup ( Ranunculus flammula )

The Burning (Ranunculus flammula ) is a species of the genus Ranunculus (Ranunculus ) in the family of the buttercup family ( Ranunculaceae ). It is widespread in the northern hemisphere.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The Burning buttercups growing as deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant, the plant height of 8 to 50, achieved in single copies 70 centimeters. It has a short " rhizome " and fibrous side roots. The upright, ascending, rarely prostrate or flooding in the water is wavy stems bent and hairy hairless or sparsely and only at the lower nodes ( Nodiean ) form roots. The green to reddish stems uncrowded links are between nodes straight; the lower stalk nodes often take root.

The Burning Buttercup comes in a landform, a floating leaf shape and in a submerged water form - these growth forms are not genetically fixed, but evolve depending on water level and can merge into one another. Floating leaf shapes are formed, especially in spring when floods. Here, the petioles vary greatly and floating on the surface of leaf blades increase. In the water form the leaves are reduced to it; the flowers wither. The long -stalked basal leaves have a length of up to 7 inches elongated, wedge-shaped or rounded and full leaves leaf blade. The sedentary sheath short stalked stem leaves lanceolate and have a full leaves to leaf blade sawed. Here, the leaf blades of the lowermost stem leaves with a length of 0.7 to 6.5 cm and a thin as 0.04 to 1 cm lanceolate to lanceolate or filiform wrong with smooth or serrated leaf edge.

Flower

The flowering period extends from May to September. Most many flowers stand singly in the leaf axils on stalks. The foliage leaf-like bracts are lanceolate to lanceolate wrong. The flower stem is furrowed. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers have a diameter 7-20 mm. The base of the flower ( receptaculum ) is bald. The five free outstretched or slightly recurved sepals are 1.5 to 4 millimeters long and hairy 1 to 2 millimeters wide and glabrous or pressed stiff. The five to six free petals are 2.5 to 7 mm long and 1-4 mm wide and shiny pale to golden yellow. The nectar scales are bald.

Fruit

In a size of 2 to 4 mm × 3-4 mm, more or less spherical collecting fruit many nutlets are together. The bare, rounded nutlets have a size of 1.2 to 1.6 mm × 1 to 1.4 millimeters. The one with a length of 0.1 to 0.6 mm relatively short, straight or curved, lanceolate to linealische fruit beak has 1/10 the length of the Nüsschens.

Chromosome number and the ingredients

The chromosome number is 2n = 32

All parts of the burning crowfoot are poisonous. It will also generate the specific epithet and common name is derived: The juice of the plant has an acrid, pungent taste. Toxic protoanemonin the frequently occurring in the Ranunculaceae (about 0.05 %). It provides in fresh form for severe mucosal irritation. From cattle this species is therefore avoided.

Occurrence

The Burning Buttercup has a wide natural range in the northern hemisphere in North America, North Africa and Eurasia. It comes in both Canada and the United States, the Azores and Madeira, in northern Algeria and Morocco, in Turkey and in the Altai, in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France, the Iberian Peninsula, in the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Belarus, the Baltic States, in the European part of Russia, in the northern Ukraine, the former Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and, in northern Greece. In Australia, this species is a neophyte.

The Burning buttercup grows from the lowlands to the alpine region. This plant prefers kalkmeidende as a location marshes, wet meadows, ditches, ponds and other shore waters. The conditions are often changeable wet; So it occurred to temporary flooding, alternating with dry periods. Most of them are acidic sand, peat or mud bottoms.

In Austria it is moderately common to rare in all provinces. In the western Alps, it is at risk.

System

The first release of 1753 was made by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 548

Depending on the author subspecies and varieties are given:

• Ranunculus flammula L. var flammula
• Ranunculus flammula ovalis var ( JMBigelow ) LDBenson
• Ranunculus flammula var samolifolius (Greene) LDBenson
• Ranunculus flammula subsp. minimus ( Ar. Benn. ) Padmore, occurs only in the UK and Ireland
• Ranunculus flammula subsp. scoticus ( ESMarshall ) Clapham, occurs only in Europe and indeed in Ireland and northern Scotland

Use

The Burning Buttercup is rarely used as an ornamental plant for pond edges.

Swell

• Alan T. Whittemore: Ranunculus in the Flora of North America, Volume 3, 1997: Ranunculus flammula - Online. ( Description section )
• Burning Buttercup. In: FloraWeb.de.