Ranunculus fluitans
Ender flood water crowfoot (Ranunculus fluitans )
The flood water crowfoot end called (Ranunculus fluitans ), also flood Ender Buttercup, is a plant of the family Ranunculaceae ( Ranunculaceae ). In fast-flowing rivers and streams are found this way often in large quantities. During the heyday of the water surface then acts from a distance, as if it were covered by a white layer.
Description
The flood water crowfoot end is an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant. This flood water plant has the stem lengths of up to 6 meters reach, with spacing between the stem nodes is up to 35 inches long. Floating leaves are rarely developed from this type. The leaf shape is completely different design than that live on land and in plants adapted to the conditions in the flowing water. The rough stalked underwater leaves are resolved into long, parallel -oriented thread-like leaf tip. They are repeatedly forked finely divided, have a length of at least 8 centimeters and ovate stipules that have grown to three-quarters of its length with the petiole.
Between June and August the flowers appear above water. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers have a diameter of up to 2 inches. The five green sepals are upstanding and between 4 and 6.5 millimeters long. The five white at the base, yellow petals are undivided and with lengths of usually 7 to 10 ( 5-13 ) mm oval to pear-shaped. There are between 20 and 35 stamens present.
The collecting fruit stand on sturdy stems slightly above the water surface and contain 34-63 nutlets. The sparsely hairy to bald nutlets are about 1 millimeter in size, oval and mostly smooth with two tabs at the lateral ends.
The species is diploid to tetraploid, their chromosome number is 2n = 16, 24 or 32
Distribution and ecology
The flood water crowfoot end is common in South and Central Europe and the UK. She is a submeridionales to north temperate rates Florenelement. Its distribution is restricted to Europe. Particularly adapted it is to fluctuating water stocks. When drying out of the water, it can also develop a landform. The habitat of the flood ends faucet foot is flowing, oxygen-rich and cool water. The flood water crowfoot end is therefore to be found in streams and rivers of the plains up to middle mountain areas. In nutrient-rich streams can whole river sections thickly to the surface, and there is often forming stands.
The flood end Buttercup is a Kennart the Fluthahnenfuß waters ( Ranunculion fluitantis ). He ecologically important as oxygen producer and as spawning plant.
As an ecological indicator values according to Ellenberg end of the flood water crowfoot is specified as oceanic light plant for moderately warm to hot underwater locations.
The pollination of hermaphrodite flowers carried by insects or by self-pollination. To their spread of diasporas benefits of flood water crowfoot end of the very effective Wasserausbreitung.Oft be submerged and the flowers are then barren, but can be torn parts of the stalk rooting us so contribute to vegetative propagation of the plant. At high water the flowers can remain kleistogam.
System
The first publication of Ranunculus fluitans was in 1779 by Lam. in Flore Françoise, ou de Toutes les Descriptions Succinctes Plantes qui Croissent Naturellement en France ... Paris, 3: 184 For Ranunculus fluitans Lam. there are a number of synonyms: Ranunculus aquatilis subsp. peucedanifolius Ehrh. , Ranunculus fluviatilis Web. , Ranunculus peucedanifolius ( Ehrh. ) All., Ranunculus aquatilis var fluviatilis ( Wigg. ) With., Batrachium fluviatile ( Web. ) Gray, Batrachium peucedanifolium ( Ehrh. ) Dum. , Batrachium fluitans ( Lam. ) Wimm ..
Sources and further information
The article is mainly based on the following documents:
- Ender flood water crowfoot. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Ruprecht Duell, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket Dictionary of Plants in Germany and neighboring countries. 7th edition, Quelle & Meyer Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1