Ranunculus trichophyllus

Haarblättriger water crowfoot (Ranunculus trichophyllus )

Called The Haarblättrige water crowfoot (Ranunculus trichophyllus ), also Haarblättriger Buttercup, a plant of the family Ranunculaceae is ( Ranunculaceae ). This ends the flood water crowfoot similar species is found in stagnant or slow-flowing waters. Moreover, this type has smaller flowers and leaves.

• 3.1 Ordinary Haarblättriger water crowfoot
• 3.2 mountain water crowfoot

• 5.1 images

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The Haarblättrige water crowfoot is an annual to perennial herbaceous plant. This water plant does not form floating leaves and reaches lengths of up to about 1 meter. At the lowest node of the stems sit the roots, with only 0.3 to 0.4 millimeters in diameter. The provided with air chambers, bare, flood stems grow upright or lying down. Adapted to life under water, the plant has sturdy, finely divided, hair-like submerged leaves. Out of the water fall along these brush-like. In contrast to the flood water crowfoot ends, the leaf lobes are not level and the leaves are shorter than the distances between the stem nodes. She trains stipules, which are fused to two thirds or more of the 4 to 11 millimeters long petioles. The thread-like leaves themselves are 4 to 11 millimeters long under water and 7-23 mm wide.

Flowers and Fruit

The long flower stems arise in relation to the blade root and are one to one and a half times as long as the opposite leaf. At the upper part of the stalk spring a few flowers and protrude above the water surface. At the relatively small petals is both the diameter and the length between five and fifteen millimeters. The five green, bare sepals are spreading, slightly downwards and about three millimeters long. The five white at the base, yellow petals are free and are equipped with three to six millimeters in comparison to other faucet feet small. Their shape is obovate and they are two to three times as long as the sepals. In the bloom develop nine to fifteen stamens, while also nectar leaves are formed. The flowering time is June to August.

16 The flower develop to 33 closely spaced, at first more or less hairy, bald later nutlets. The yellow and black fruits on sturdy stems protrude slightly above the water surface. The approximately one to two millimeters long, mussel -shaped fruits have two tabs at the lateral ends. Each fruits contributes exactly one seed. To shape and surface texture of the fruit and nectaries, most subspecies can be distinguished.

Distribution and ecology

The Haarblättriger water crowfoot is circumpolar native to the temperate and subarctic regions of the northern hemisphere. After Australia and New Zealand, he was introduced in the early 20th century.

This type requires a sunny to semi- shaded areas in slowly running or standing water, which is only moderately nutrient rich and moderately warm. Their presence indicates loamy or sandy soils that are slightly acidic or calcareous. They are found in ponds and streams primarily in the riparian regions in small and larger groups.

In nutrient-rich ponds can be found just below the water surface is very dense stands. In standing water the plant is only weakly rooted and often hovers in the water. The species hibernates through their seeds or in the form of evergreen seedlings. At low-tide places the plant is an annual, or perennial. The type also forms lush flowering and fruiting landforms that are only moderately sensitive to frost. Overall, the species is weak and competition typically found in disturbed waters and pioneer sites. Pollination of flowers carried by insects or by self-pollination of hermaphrodite flowers. At its propagation, the plant uses the water spreading or plant fragments form roots at the stem nodes.

Like all other Ranunculus species also, the Haarblättrige water crowfoot is toxic.

Subspecies and systematics

Due to the difficult to be differentiated subspecies a number of synonyms have evolved over time; while American authors are with their European counterparts do not always agree. Here the usual division in Europe is played. Under the kind Haarblättriger water crowfoot (Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix sl) several subspecies are summarized. The species group is therefore also called Ranunculus trichophyllus agg. referred to:

Usually Haarblättriger water crowfoot

Ranunculus trichophyllus subsp. trichophyllus: This subspecies has the features described above and is found in nutrient-rich waters. It is a tetraploid or hexaploid and has 2n chromosome number = 32 or 48

Mountain Water crowfoot

Ranunculus trichophyllus subsp. eradicatus ( Laest. ) C.D.K. Cook: habitus as Ranunculus trichophyllus subsp. trichophyllus. The subspecies is distinguished by its softness and is rooted in almost all nodes. The closed flowers pollinate themselves ( cleistogamy ). The sepals are 2-3 mm and the petals 3 to 4.5 millimeters long and have lapsed. The arrangement of the nectar leaves are semi-circular to circular. The bloom developed nine to 13 stamens and about 15 to 25, sometimes 30 to 40 bald nutlets. This subspecies is a tetraploid with chromosome number 2n = 32 The occurrence in Central Europe are constant or increases roughly correspond to the declines in other places. The distribution of this subspecies is arctic - alpine. The main distribution area is the Arctic. In European mountain ranges and foothills of the Alps you can find them scattered. In the Alps, it is still to be found at an altitude of 2500 meters. It prefers nutrient-poor waters. The basic chromosome number of the clan is n = 8