Raphael Kühner
Raphael Kuhner ( born March 22, 1802 in Gotha, † April 16, 1878 in Hannover ) was a German classical scholar and school teacher who gained international importance especially as a grammarian.
Teaching
Raphael Kuhner grew up as the son of a court painter and studied after visiting the humanistic Gymnasium in Gotha 1821 Classical Philology in Göttingen. After his studies and doctorate, he was a high school teacher in 1825, first at the Lyceum in Hannover. He was later appointed to the vice-chancellor, before he retired in 1863. In addition, Kuhner was a member of the Frankfurt scholars association.
Research
Besides editions and translations of Cicero's writings (among Tusculanae Disputationes, Jena 1829) and Xenophon ( Anabasis, inter alia, Gotha 1852) earned Kuhner special merits in classical antiquity science as a grammarian.
Detailed grammar of the Greek language
After the compilation of school grammars for the Latin and Greek lessons Kuhner began with the creation of elementary grammars for the old languages. In 1836 he published with his detailing grammar of the Greek language to this day in use standard work, which he divided into two sections: one is the elementary, shapes and word doctrine, on the other hand, the syntax ( the syntax of the simple sentence as well as the syntax of the composite set ).
Kuhner postulated a lokalistisches case system, which he attributed to the different case old adverbs. Consequently, the first case described initially only the conditions in the room. Only in a later language development, they are also referred to circumstances at the time and, ultimately, to improper conditions (eg ownership) were transferred.
Detailed grammar of the Latin language
The last decades of life Kuhner worked on an equal scale as well as extensive grammar of Latin, which he first conceived as a reference for a Latin teacher. As with the Greek grammar he also taught here the focus to demonstrate the real classic linguistic usage, in which he took the traditional Roman literature between Plautus and Tacitus as a source of his quotations. Special care he devoted attention to the performance of all Latin quotations. 1878, during the correction work shortly before the appearance of the second volume, Kuehner died after a brief illness in his 77th year. His son Rudolf (1839-1902; school professor in Berlin- Charlottenburg) graduated from the work and got the following year the first edition.
In the follow Kühners loaded and revised four other classical scholars - Friedrich Blass, Bernhard Gerth, Friedrich Holzweissig and Carl Stegmann - the different sections of his grammars and extended them so that at the present time the name Kühners plus the the particular editor's synonymous with the work be used: Kuhner - Blass ( elementary and morphology of the Greek ), Kuhner - Gerth ( syntax of the Greek ), Kuhner - Holzweissig ( elementary and morphology of Latin ) and Kuhner - Stegmann ( syntax of Latin ).
Works (selection)
- Detailed grammar of the Greek language, 2 vols, Hannover: Hahn 1834-1835; 2nd: 1869-1871.
- Elementary grammar of the Greek language, 29th edition, Hannover: Hahn, 1877.
- Detailed grammar of the Latin language, 2 vols, Hannover: Hahn 1877-1879.
- Elementary grammar of the Latin language with queued Latin and German translation tasks and a collection of Latin reading pieces together with the related dictionaries, 50th edition, Hannover: Hahn, 1919.
- CONDENSED school grammar of the Greek language for the lower and upper secondary school classes, 6th edition, Hannover: Hahn, 1881.
- Concise grammar school of the Latin language, 4th edition, Hannover: Hahn 1880.
- Attempt at a new arrangement of the Greek syntax, Hannover: Hahn, 1829.
- All abnormalities of the Greek verb, Hannover: Hahn 1831st
- Latin preschool, 18th Edition, Hannover: Hahn, 1842.
- How to translate from English into Latin, Hannover: Hahn, 1842.
- How to translate from German and Latin into Greek, Hannover: Hahn 1846-1847.