Receptor tyrosine kinase

Receptor tyrosine kinases ( Ryks, formerly RTKs ) are bound to the cell membrane receptor, the intracellular domain of an enzyme group that tyrosine kinase contributes which enables the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of proteins. They are, inter alia, involved in cell growth. The classification of RTKs into three different types are primarily based on the extracellular domains, that is, the regions of the receptor that are outside of the cell. In all three types, each of the N -terminus is located at the outside of the cell, while the C-terminus is located inside the cell.

Types of receptor tyrosine kinases:

EGF - receptor - type: cysteine-rich extracellular domain, a single chain.
Insulin receptor type: the two α - and two β - chains whose extracellular parts are linked together by disulfide bridges.
NGF receptor - type: antibody-like extracellular domain; the (intracellular ) kinase domain which may be interrupted by insertions.

Examples of hormones that interact with receptor tyrosine kinases of the insulin of the insulin-like growth factor-I (insulin -like growth factor, IGF-I ), platelet derived growth factor ( platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF), epidermal growth factor ( epidermal are growth factor, EGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF).

Several vitamin K-dependent proteins have been identified, which act as ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases, such as protein S or Gas6.