Reference

The speaker (also: Underlying and designat ( to ), denotation ( to ) ) is in semiotics and in general linguistics that to which a character or a linguistic expression (name, word) refers.

While in semiotics, but also in linguistics, the non- linguistic reference object in the foreground (see semiotic triangle) and is then specifically defined as an extra- linguistic reference object of a character in general or of a linguistic expression, the expression is in particular in the text grammar for intra- linguistic reference objects used.

It is therefore necessary to distinguish between the concept of speaker within the meaning of the reference object in general and its applications or interpretations. The speaker may be slightly non- Verbal Verbal or something. Is it something non - Verbal, the referencing him expression is used object- language. Is it something Linguistic, the expression on him relating ( referencing ) is metalinguistically.

Speaker as a non- linguistic reference object

The term speaker is dominant for the non-linguistic referents of linguistic expressions ( semiotic generally, symbols) are used.

In the semiotic triangle of Ogden and Richards character ( symbol ) symbolizes something and calls a corresponding content of consciousness ( reference) shows that refers to the object ( referent ).

A speaker is in this view a "thing of the world." The term thing is to be interpreted broadly and means " object, place, property, or event. " World does not only mean the real world, but also only possible world. Example: The expression Harry Potter does not refer to a real, but to a fictitious person.

This perspective is sometimes regarded as a mistake, so by the conceptualism. Then a concept is viewed in a concept system in the human consciousness as a speaker.

Speaker as an intra- linguistic reference object

Does a linguistic expression to another expression ( word, phrase ), these are speakers of linguistic expression.

So pronoun in the sentence or text may refer to other words.

Inner language speakers can respond to the referring word, whichever comes first in the text, two types of relationships:

• Anaphoric relations: speaker comes before Referencing word.

• Cataphoric relationships: the referring word stands in front of the speakers.

Speakers are identified in the formal representation of texts in linguistics and computational linguistics liked by indices, especially when a set of many pronouns refer to different speakers: