Renaixença
The Renaixença [ rənə'ʃɛnsə ] (Catalan for ' rebirth ', German also: Catalan Renaissance ) was a romantic movement of the late 19th century to first revive the Catalan language and culture. It is closely connected to the Modernisme, the Catalan form of Art Nouveau.
The Renaixença moved not only the actual Catalonia, but also other Catalan-speaking regions such as the Balearic Islands. She found its expression in the revival of the medieval poet competition Joes Florals (, Flower Games ').
A few decades later, the Renaixença also expressed politically in the demand for far-reaching autonomy of Catalonia. Catalonia defined itself as an independent nation in a Spanish state as a whole. Belonging to the total Spanish federation was doing but not provided by the vast majority of Catalans in question. "There is no in doubt, that [ this boom ] are closely related with the increasing economic importance of the region of Catalonia ... stood as an independent cultural and regional movement. " The political component of this movement is often discussed under the heading Catalanism. The since 1871 by the Association katalanistischen Jove Catalunya (, Young Catalonia ') issued magazine La Renaixença has in retrospect this cultural- literary movement as a name gedient.Diese movement ended a in Catalonia since the War of Spanish Succession ( 1701-1714 ) sustained period of cultural decline and loss of political power, which was reinforced by the 1716 Nueva Planta decrees of the following, in which the traditional institutions, privileges and regional autonomies of Catalonia were exposed and suppressed.
The Renaixença the Catalan language and culture
The revival of creativity in Catalan was initiated at the beginning of the 19th century by scientists who deal with that language and its medieval literature. Classically, the beginning of the Renaixença with the release of the thoroughly romantic poem La Patria (' The Fatherland ') by Bonaventura Carles Aribau in 1833 dated. Aribau, since 1826 alive for professional reasons in Madrid, sings in this poem his Catalan homeland and extols the virtues of the Catalan language. Aribau fell back in his work on a deep feeling of patriotism, which was already in the 15th century - going far beyond a sense of nationality - against John II of Aragon ( 1458-1479 ), for fear of Castilian alienation manifested. Joan II was felt kind of the self-conscious Corts, the Catalan Parliament stands than to Castile. The marriage of his son and later Catholic King Ferdinand II and Isabella I of Castile heir to the throne in 1469 aroused fears bad. " Aribau was ... a great promoter of German Romanticism after Catalonia and Spain have been; a romance proclaimed the value of the national past and in the languages saw the expression of the people's soul with Herder. "
The literary work of Joaquim Rubió i Ors, the revival of the medieval poet competition of Joes Florals ( Floral Games ) in 1859 and the establishment of cultural associations such as the Ateneus gave this movement further support. The high point of the " Catalan Renaixença " in the work of Jacint Verdaguer. First, the lyrical moment almost completely dominated the movement. Occur only at the end of the 19th century with Narcis Oller i Moragas and Emili Vilanova i March significant prose writers in the spotlight. The theater comes through the work of Ángel Guimerà to a sustained upswing.
The heavily embossed at the beginning by the romance Renaixença takes towards the end of the century, more and more realistic features. In a sense it has come the end of the 19th century already to their destination: She leaves behind all subsequent cultural movements - based on the medieval Catalan high-level language - a living, modern and malleable language.
The Renaixença moved not only the actual Catalonia, but also other Catalan-speaking regions such as the Balearic Islands.