Resort architecture
With resort architecture (also Bäderstil ) is in architecture refers to a style that characterizes mainly German seaside resort on the Baltic Sea coast. Especially in today's state of Mecklenburg -Vorpommern it is widespread.
The formative time for resort architecture ranged from 1793 until 1918. Especially during the early days, many buildings were created in this style on the German coasts. Also today is often still built in the style baths in order to preserve the historical identity of the resorts - especially in the Baltic Sea resorts.
A detached house in resort architecture is also referred to as bath villa.
This style was first applied founded in 1793 Heiligendamm on the Baltic coast of Mecklenburg, the oldest seaside resort on the European continent. The style spread quickly along the German Baltic coast, since 1810, for the first time in Pomerania with the founding of the resort Putbus - Lauterbach on Rügen. Partly buildings are also located on the North Sea coast.
Started in the classical style, the resort architecture, Historicism developed through to Art Nouveau. In this case, it is not a self-contained style era such as the Renaissance or the Baroque. Its special feature is the merging of different construction features in their respective eras. The special composition of the stylistic elements makes the resort architecture in a distinctive design.
The architecture of the spas in the interior is usually referred to as a spa architecture. This includes outside Germany inspired by the seaside architecture buildings, for example on Swiss lakes.
Description and Features
Often there are two to four storey buildings whose facades have balconies and porches. Larger villas have projecting facade parts ( risalits ) in the center and at the corners. It is dominated by large arched or rectangular windows that are occasionally flanked by semi-columns or pilasters. Triangular pediment and occasionally curved gabled or small towers complete the top floor. Art Nouveau ornaments occur as Kapitellschmuck, often with marine or floral motifs.
Most often, the facades are plastered in white, which is why the spas are sometimes called " white pearl ". Striking jump in such a white ensemble, the rare non- white counterparts ( for example, burgundy, olive green, beige, blue ) in the eye. Overall, the buildings look more delicate, and often there are wooden structures with a core of stone. Whole ensemble in white and isolated in tinted color there is in Heiligendamm, Heringsdorf and Ahlbeck on Usedom and cooling Born.
Famous examples of ensembles in resort architecture are mainly located on the Mecklenburg and Pomeranian Baltic coast. Especially on the island of Usedom on the beach between Heringsdorf, Heringsdorf, Ahlbeck and Swinoujscie and in Zinnowitz; and on the island of Rügen, especially in Sassnitz, Sellin, Binz and Göhren. Even in the oldest German seaside resort of Heiligendamm near Bad Doberan buildings of this era were built and are still preserved in number, the ensemble is known as the pearl necklace the white city by the sea.
One of the oldest buildings in the seaside architecture, Georg Bernhard von Bülow 1845 build in Heringsdorf, the villa Achterkerke. One of the art-historically significant buildings is there ( mainly because of its glass mosaic in the pediment ) which built in 1883 by Antonio Salviati villa Oechsler.
Some seaside villas are characterized by elements of Alpine cabins or even Russian wooden houses, especially the so-called Wolgast houses. This is the first finished homes of the world that were made 1868-1910 of the " Wolgaster Actien Society for woodworking " in the city Wolgast off the island of Usedom. The company built especially Chalets for builders all over the world, especially for property owners on Usedom and Rügen - and also at Wannsee in Berlin.
Building in the style of resort architecture can be found sporadically on the North Sea coast, around the Kurhaus ( Conversationshaus ), the SPA and the house boat trip on Norderney. They are in contrast to the Baltic Sea resorts less delicately designed and often characterized by bulkier shapes and generous proportions.
Examples
Resort architecture on the Baltic Sea in Pomerania
Pier Ahlbeck, Usedom Island
Resort architecture ensemble with Fürstenhof in Sassnitz, Rügen
Villa Undine of 1885 in Binz, a so-called Wolgast house and one of the first prefabricated houses in the world
Ahlbeck ( Usedom ), in the foreground, the three-storey hotel " Ahlbeck " (with corner projections, balconies and porches )
Two villas in Heringsdorf with corner tower and central projection with arc or tower completion
Villa Oechsler in Heringsdorf, built in 1883
Villa Achterkerke in Heringsdorf, built in 1845
Villa Oppenheim in 1883 in Heringsdorf
Sea Castle in Heringsdorf
Villa " Malepartus " in Binz with pre-built wooden verandahs, arched windows and a triangular pediment
Fully maintained villa " siren " in Binz in White
Resort architecture on the North Sea
Resort architecture in Borkum