Revierwasserlaufanstalt Freiberg
The area watercourse Institute Freiberg (RWA ) is a Staumeisterei the State Reservoir Administration of Saxony. About a 70 km long system of artificial ditches and ponds florets with eleven art supplies them Freiberg, Chemnitz and Dresden area with drinking water and industrial water. Moreover, the larger ponds are used for flood protection.
However, the system was applied to the supply of the Freiberg mining with premium water. The construction began in 1558 and lasted for three centuries until 1882.
The protected as a technical monument area Water Institute Freiberg is a selected site for the intended candidacy for UNESCO World Heritage mining region Erzgebirge.
- 4.1 Dams
- 4.2 Art trenches
Purpose and Tasks
The main purpose of RWA is to supply the industry of the Freiberg area with hot water. Transitions from the upper water supply can also supply raw water for drinking water in the metropolitan areas of Chemnitz and Dresden. Six ponds contribute to flood protection in the region of the Freiberger Mulde and Zschopau. Some ponds are used economically and fishing exist in two ponds for swimming. The mining ponds and their Randsäume developed over the centuries a special flora and fauna and contribute as FFH Freiberg mine ponds for the conservation of rare species at.
Originally, the plant but especially the water supply of mining at Brand-Erbisdorf served. They provided water charge for the water wheels that lifted water penetration through water arts from the mines. The water was not only used in several mines, but also in Pochwerken, Erzwäschen and steel works through multiple use. The ponds here were primarily a regulatory function to compensate for periods of drought and over - flow and to ensure constant inflow. With the completion of mining the plants eventually served nor the energy in underground caverns power plant Three Brothers slot.
Location and description
The catchment area of the smoke extends to the south of Freiberg from the Floeha on the Czech border to Münzbach in Freiberg. The overall system is divided into an upper and a lower water supply.
The upper water supply has a length of about 47 miles and falls from 585 to 505 m above sea level. It includes five ponds. It begins at the Rauschenbach dam that impounds the Floeha. [Note 1] The water only flows in a southwesterly and then northwesterly direction into florets predominantly in the Dittmann Teich and further into the Dörnthaler pond. Important tributaries in this section are the Cämmerswalder village stream, the Mortelbach, the beer Wiesbach which impounds the mine pond in the shunt, and the Haselbach. On Dörnthaler pond outflow exists at Saidenbach Dam, which supplies the Chemnitz area. In flatter terrain outweigh Art ditches which lead the water to also lying in the shunt Aidaer upper pond, which is dammed by Saidenbach, as well as the Upper Großhartmannsdorfer pond. From here, water can be discharged through a pressure pipe in the Lichtenberg dam that supplies the Dresden area. The conclusion is the Kohlbach Art trench from which the possibility of Großhartmannsdorfer on the Middle Pond and and another contactor to cut off water to the lower water supply.
The lower water supply has a length of about 23 miles and falls from 530 to 470 m above sea level. To her currently includes six ponds. It starts at Zethaubach and runs to the largest of the RWA, the Lower Großhartmannsdorfer pond which also receives several streams, and the water of the Middle Großhartmannsdorfer pond. About the Müdisdorfer Art ditch the water flows either in the Rothbächer pond or directly into the Hohbirker Art ditch. This happened to Constantine pond which formerly stood with the underground power station three brothers shaft and the Rothschönberger Stolln in conjunction. The water eventually flows into the Münzbach. Also Erzengler pond and cottage pond are connected via the Münzbach with the lower water supply.
Historically existed as a third section the well water supply, managed two non-contiguous grave systems: the red trench in the north near the bridge and neck Werner ditch to the east of Freiberg in Muldenhütten.
History
Prehistory
The emergence of the area watercourse institution is inextricably linked to the beginning of the 1168 Freiberg silver mining. Were reduced only near-surface deposits of silver in the first mining rush, you had in 15-16. Century go in depth and had thereby solve the problem of water retention, so the mine does not " absoffen ". In addition, mining equipment had as Poch and iron works a corresponding water demand. From this it went occasionally out ditches and ponds.
1558 - 1851
The systematic expansion of water management facilities was carried out on the electoral command of 23 January 1558 was led by Martin planner. In the coming decades, existing systems such as the Lower Großhartmannsdorfer pond were expanded and, inter alia the Upper Großhartmannsdorfer pond Zethauer, the Müdisdorfer, the Hohbirker and the upper Aidaer Art ditch and crispness hereby created and intersected the watershed between Floeha and Freiberger Mulde. The Red trench was created 1614/15.
After caused by the Thirty Years' War the decline of mining the further expansion of water supply systems was continued at the end of the 17th century. This was 1684 by Elector Johann Georg III. furnished " Electoral Stolln and florets administration to Freiberg " in charge of the water supply installations under the supervision of the Saxon mining authority. The expansion of facilities occurred mainly with the aim of connecting the Floeha to use their water for the Freiberg Mining. These were, inter alia, the upper Aidaer pond, the pond and Dörnthaler created as the last of the water storage Dittmann Teich. The connecting them art trenches were now increasingly applied underground ( florets ). From 1827 to 1863 the remaining 11 km were completed to Floeha and here among other things the Martelbacher crispness that Purschensteiner florets and the florets Cämmerswalder created.
1851 - 1913
With the amendment of the Saxon mining law, the Elector Johann Georg- Stolln, the depth prince Stolln, the Thelersberger Stolln, the old man deep prince Stolln that Dörnthaler water line ( later Upper water supply), the Young Prince were to Saxony Müdisdorfer crispness (later Lower water supply) that Martelbacher crispness, the well water supply " with all its accessories at Huthäusern, mills, watercourses, ponds, florets and Stoll wings, their rights and Rutzungen and even their gesammtem assets " from the state property in the " Gesammteigenthum the Freiberg mining district " is passed. Responsible for the administration was the district committee Freiberg, who " ground- water run -Anstalt " led under the name from 1853.
In the following decades the RWA learned extensive extensions, such as 1872 by the revier side part of the Rothschönberger Stollns or not directly related to the water-related investments such as 1873, the powder factory Freiberg (today WECO Pyrotechnic factory). Despite the connection of the Floeha but the last section of the upper water coverage was only after two decades of litigation to be taken by the construction of Neuwernsdorfer water divider 1882 with significantly reduced amount in operation. Moreover, the price of silver fell more and more a result of the introduction of the gold market, so that the Freiberg mining was discontinued 1899-1913.
1913 - today
After the end of the silver mining was found a new use in energy generation and built underground power plants in the three- brothers - shaft and the shaft Constantine, who delivered 1915-1972 electricity. With the commissioning of the dam Rauschenbach, which dammed the Neuwersdorfer water divider, and about the same time decommissioning of underground power plants, the RWA was only the water coverage. About derivatives of compounds for Chemnitz and Dresden water supply were made in the demand for water can be fed.
Facilities
Dams
For RWA today include 11 ponds that are operated by the State Reservoir Administration of Saxony.
→ List of ponds of the area watercourse Institute Freiberg
The dams are Erdschüttdämme or homogeneous dams with Lehmdichtung in the core or at the water side. The dams are very wide and have steep slopes. The air-side, grassy embankment is partially supported by exposed stone arches. On the water side, the dams have a stone wall (so-called Tarrasmauer ) for protection against waves. To drain the water, there is a slide, the so-called harrow, which is operated by Striegel house with a winch and bar.
Art trenches
The trenches have a top width of up to 2.2 m, and taper down to about 1.5 m. Its depth is about 1 m. Red trench digging and Werner are slightly wider. The side walls are made of drywall work, ie quarry stone with clay without lime mortar. The soil consists of solidified clay.
Originally, large parts of the trenches with wooden slabs were covered. These prevent icing, from falling into the foliage and objects, livestock accidents and keep evaporation losses. Today the rind cover can be seen only in some touristy places, but otherwise replaced by concrete slabs.
A constant as possible water flow is achieved by various water conservancy facilities. Water divider as the Neuwernsdorfer water divider regulate the amount of the influx of numerous recorded streams. Sagittarius, often with applied contactor houses, regulate the water flow. About floodlights can be drained excess water.
→ List of Art ditches and florets of the area watercourse Institute Freiberg