Rhaphidophoridae
Female Dolichopoda schiavazzii, a cave cricket from Tuscany
The Rhaphidophoridae are the only family of the superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea from the order of Ensifera. In German, they are also known as cave horrors. It comprises about 550 species in 80 genera. The most well-known types come from India through Southeast Asia to Australia and Polynesia before. One type, the greenhouse cricket, was cosmopolitan widespread and is a pest in greenhouses. The extinct subfamily Protroglophilinae been described in terms of amber inclusions.
Features
All species are wingless. Your body is humped, the antennae and the hind legs are very long. Some species produce sounds by rubbing the inside of the rear femur against the abdomen and. By rhythmic drumming of the abdomen against, for example, soil, branches or twigs In some arenicolen ( sand-dwelling ) species, the hind legs to grave tools are reshuffled.
Way of life
Some groups are restricted to caves, others have adapted to a grave lifestyle. Most species live in leaf litter or dark (earth ) columns. There they spend the day and only come in humid nights to the surface to eat there leaf litter or detritus. There are species that take mushrooms to himself. At least once was observed at a cave-dwelling type, such as an individual newly hatched birds captured.
System
The superfamily consists of a family, 10 subfamilies and numerous genera and species:
- Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea Walker, F. 1871 Family Rhaphidophoridae Walker, F. 1871 Subfamily Aemodogryllinae Jacobson 1905 Tribus Aemodogryllini Jacobson 1905 Genus Diestrammena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Genus Eutachycines Storozhenko, 1990
- Genus Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992
- Genus Paradiestrammena Chopard, 1919
- Genus Paratachycines Storozhenko, 1990
- Genus Adiestramima Gorochov, 1998
- Genus Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990
- Genus Gigantettix Gorochov, 1998
- Genus Megadiestramima Storozhenko & Gorochov, 1992
- Genus Tamdaotettix Gorochov, 1998
Assigned to any tribe:
- Genus Atachycines Furukawa, 1933
- Genus Neotachycines Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003
- Genus Alpinanoplophilus Ishikawa, 1993
- Genus Anoplophilus Karny, 1931
- Tribus Saussure & Pictet Argyrtini 1897 Genus Anargyrtes Hubbell, 1972
- Saussure & Pictet genus Argyrtes, 1897
- Genus Leptargyrtes Hubbell, 1972
- Genus Ceuthophilus Scudder, 1862
- Genus Macrobaenetes Tinkham, 1962
- Genus Rhachocnemis Caudell, 1916
- Genus Styracosceles Hubbell, 1936
- Genus Typhloceuthophilus Hubbell, 1940
- Genus Udeopsylla Scudder, 1862
- Genus Utabaenetes Tinkham, 1970
- Genus Ammobaenetes Hubbell, 1936
- Genus Daihinia Haldeman, 1850
- Genus Daihinibaenetes Tinkham, 1962
- Genus Daihiniella Hubbell, 1936
- Genus Daihiniodes Hebard, 1929
- Genus Phrixocnemis Scudder, 1894
- Genus Euhadenoecus Hubbell, 1978
- Genus Hadenoecus Scudder, 1862
- Genus- group Phoberopodes Hubbell 1977 Genus Hypsobadistes Hubbell, 1977
- Saussure & Pictet genus Phoberopus, 1897
Assigned to any species group:
- Genus Exochodrilus Hubbell, 1972
- Genus Farallonophilus Rentz, 1972
- Genus Pristoceuthophilus Rehn, 1903
- Genus Salis Hella Hebard, 1939
- Tribus Dolichopodaini Brunner von Wattenwyl 1888 Genus Dolichopoda Bolívar, 1880
- Tribus Gammarotettigini Karny 1937 Genus Gammarotettix Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Tribus Macropathini Karny 1929 Genus Australotettix Richards, 1964
- Genus Cavernotettix Richards, 1966
- Genus Dendroplectron Richards, 1964
- Genus Heteromallus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Genus Insulaplectron Richards, 1970
- Genus Ischyroplectron Hutton, 1896
- Genus Isoplectron Hutton, 1896
- Genus Macropathus Walker, 1869
- Genus Micropathus Richards, 1964
- Genus Neonetus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Genus Notoplectron Richards, 1964
- Genus Novoplectron Richards, 1958
- Genus Novotettix Richards, 1966
- Genus Pachyrhamma Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Genus Pallidoplectron Richards, 1958
- Genus Pallidotettix Richards, 1968
- Paraneonetus genus Salmonella, 1948
- Genus Parudenus Enderlein, 1910
- Genus Parvotettix Richards, 1968
- Genus Petrotettix Richards, 1972
- Genus Pharmacus Pictet & Saussure, 1893
- Genus Pleioplectron Hutton, 1896
- Genus Setascutum Richards, 1972
- Genus Spelaeiacris Perinquey, 1916
- Genus Speleotettix Chopard, 1944
- Genus Tasmanoplectron Richards, 1971
- Genus Udenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1900
- Genus Weta Chopard, 1923
- Genus Talitropsis Bolívar, 1882
- Genus Prorhaphidophora † Chopard, 1936
- Genus Protroglophilus † Gorochov, 1989
- Tribus Rhaphidophorini Walker, F. 1871 Genus Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
- Genus Minirhaphidophora Gorochov, 2002
- Genus Neorhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
- Genus Pararhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
- Genus Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838
- Genus Stonychophora Karny, 1934
- Genus Troglophilus Krauss, 1879
- Genus Tropidischia Scudder, 1869