River regime

Under flow regime is defined as the average seasonal course of the discharge of a water body, influenced by factors such as climate or relief. Water can thus drain certain regimes ( the most well-known classification comes from Pardé ) are assigned.

Flow regime are divided into simple and complex regime.

• 2.1 Complex regime first degree
• 2.2 Complex regime of second degree

Simple regime

Simple regimes have only a maximum outflow in transition, caused by rain or melt water. There are relatively high discharge fluctuations between high and low water.

Easy regime can be divided by the type of feed of the effluent into several categories:

Glaziäres regime

The glaziäre regime is generated at a year-round snow and glaciers cover a catchment area (at least 15-20 %). The flood produced by the melting of glaciers falling into the warm, low water in the cold season (eg Rhône).

Oceanic rainfall regime

The highest runoff falls in the winter months, the lowest in the late summer or fall (after the season). The hydrograph is determined by the ratio between precipitation and evaporation transition (eg Seine near Paris ).

Tropical rain regime

The tropical rain regime is determined by the change in rainy seasons and dry seasons. The outflow maximum is reached usually delayed a few months to the solar maximum.

Nivales regime

The nival regime is caused by the melting snow. It can be further subdivided into

• Snow regime of the lowlands (eg Dnepr at Kamenka )
• Snow regime of the highlands (eg Rhine at Felsberg )

Complex regime

Complex regime of first degree

For complex drainage regimes, the discharge curve is two to dreigipflig. Depending on whether precipitation in the form of rain or snow melt predominates in the formation of the outflow maximum, a distinction is made between snow - rain - rain - snow regimes or regimes. Discharge fluctuations are smaller than with the simple regimens in the complex regimes. The reason is that in complex regimens the different supply types produce two or even three floods per year.

Pardé named following complex regime of first degree:

• Snow - transition type (eg Drac at Sautet )
• Snow - rain type ( eg Emme at Emmen Matt )
• Rain - snow regime with a high water Jura - type (eg, Orbe aux Granges )
• Mediterranean type (eg Tiber in Rome)
• Pyrenees - type
• Continental type of Central Europe ( eg at Glatz Neisse )
• Continental type of the Appalachians (eg Susquehanna River near Harrisburg )
• Mississippi - type (Mississippi River at Hannibal )

Complex regime of second degree

A complex regime of second degree occurs when rivers that are fed only by rain and flow through different climate zones, or in rivers that flow through her ​​run on different regime areas and are fed so different. An example of this is the Rhine. Meanwhile hydrograph shows him first to the nival regime of mountain country, near Mainz, it shows itself to be a nivo - pluvialer ( snow - rain -fed ) and at Cologne finally as pluvio - nival ( snow- rain - fed ) complex type.