Rock art
Rock painting is the generic term for all on firm, that is " grown " Rock of human figures or characters depicted. Petroglyphs are subject of research in archeology and ethnology. In archaeological parlance, they are called type parietal (French: related to the wall art, from the Latin paries = wall ) or designated " Parietalkunst ". In contrast, the pre-historic cabaret, the Mobilier as Art (French: mobile art ) and is referred to, for example, for Venusfigurinen, ornamentation of tools, portable relief or painted pebbles applies. Hard to moving stones, such as ornamented plates of grave chambers, usually associated with the petroglyphs.
The oldest petroglyphs were ( 32,000 14C years BP), made by Cro -Magnons about 35,000 years ago during the Aurignacian in southern French caves: one in the Chauvet Cave, a little later in the cave of Pair-non- Pair. The peak of the so-called Franco-Cantabrian cave art was, however, during the subsequent periods of Gravettiens, Solutréens and Magdalenian. Spreads are petroglyphs on all continents except Antarctica. Some nations, such as the San or Aboriginal rock carvings are made up to the present.
Cave Painting
→ Main article: Cave Painting
The cave paintings of the Cro- Magnon man is the oldest rock art genre in Europe and covers the entire Upper Paleolithic. In the Neolithic and later prehistoric eras, however, exposed rock art ( petroglyphs and rock paintings ) are most common during post-glacial cave pictures in Europe are only exceptions.
Petroglyphs
→ Main article: Petroglyphs
Engraved, scraped or Picked rock images are petroglyphs (obsolete: " petroglyphs " ) called. The focus of petroglyphs of Paleolithic Solutrean and Magdalenian is located in the Franco- Cantabrian and the Iberian Peninsula (eg Vale do Côa ). Widely used, they are also in the Neolithic period, as in systems of megalithic culture, such as standing stones with decorations, interior decorated grave chambers of Wartberg culture and Walternienburg - Bernburg culture. Petroglyphs of the Bronze Age and Iron Age, for example, in Valcamonica ( northern Italy) spread ( main article petroglyphs in Valcamonica ). The representations were carved, painted or eingepickelt, where also a painting of the predominant part of the relief images can be assumed. The painting is today but mostly completely weathered.
Petroglyphs are available in Europe in the form of runes carved into the Middle Ages.
Rock painting
→ Main article: rock painting
Rock paintings are on rocks exposed pictures that are painted on the surface without indentation. Prominent examples in Europe, there are thousands of the Neolithic rock paintings of the Spanish Mediterranean coast ( " Spanish Levante "). The Spanish petroglyphs dating from the time of Cardialkeramik to the Copper Age. Similarly, extensive rock art are the Sahara, for example in the Tassili n'Ajjer in the south of Algeria.
Dating
On the dating of rock art either style characteristics are evaluated relative chronological or paint residues or used for drawing charcoals using the radiocarbon dating determined absolutely chronologically.