Rogue state

The political slogan rogue (English rogue states ) described the former U.S. administration of George W. Bush and some of its allies, a group mostly dictatorial governed countries that aggressively behave in their opinion towards other countries, undermining the stability of other regions and at the same time refuse international negotiations.

As the official list of rogue states, the list of U.S. government of states that support terrorism (State Sponsors of Terrorism ). In addition, other states that are not on this list, also sometimes referred to as "rogue states" or as candidates for listing.

Similarly, the terms Axis of Evil and outposts of tyranny may be used.

The concept

"Rogue state" is the generally accepted German translation of the English term " rogue state". This translation can not quite convey the content of the original, as " rogue " is not just a rogue or rogues referred to, but also - particularly in the animal world - an unpredictable and irrational acting loner, which is a difficult to assess danger to others.

"Rogue states" is also the German translation of the term " outlaw states", the, used John Rawls, an American philosopher of the 20th century in his book " The Law of Peoples ." He thus describes countries that are hostile to the community of nations that pursue aggressive goals and disregard the human rights of its citizens massively. According to Rawls, the community of those peoples who want to keep the peace, has " not tolerate " the "right " rogue states. Even if a rogue state "only" its citizens suppressive, he thus influencing other peoples negative and poison international relations. Rogue states would therefore be condemned and subjected to sanctions in serious cases or even interventions. As appropriate sanctions Rawls leads to the exclusion of any state of the international cooperation and the movement of goods. As a last resort, even a violent military intervention to protect the citizens of a rogue state is legitimate.

The definition of the U.S. government

As a typical attribute that gives the Bush administration the rogue states that support terrorism and the pursuit are weapons of mass destruction, especially nuclear. Were of the States concerned in different constellations by multinational organizations (UN ), groups of countries (EU) and / or individual states (USA) impose sanctions, although this usually implied no approval of the thesis of the "rogue states " of the current U.S. government.

After the US-controlled intervention in Iraq in 2003, which led to the fall as well as for subsequent capture and execution of Saddam Hussein, Iraq lost that "Status". With the declaration of Libya in 2004 to abandon support for terrorism and he intends to suspend the development of weapons of mass destruction, the way for the lifting of international sanctions and a return to the community was leveled. North Korea was removed in 2008 against the commitment to end its nuclear program from the list.

In the last six months of the reign of Bill Clinton in the term " worrisome States " (English states of concern ) has been changed, but without abandoning the underlying meaning in the core. However, this slogan of the government under George W. Bush was in 2004 taken up again to other countries - those which have not quite arrant for heading "rogue states" required risk potential - to be able to record and sanction in this group.

Concerns and criticism

In most German media, the term "rogue state" is usually set in citing, as he - as is criticized - was holding scientific and political criteria only reasonable consistency by no means and is often regarded as propaganda. A highly regarded, fundamental and ironic criticism of the concept, the French philosopher Jacques Derrida in his essay "rogue " (2003) attempted. In the U.S. itself, the term " rogue states" among critics of the Bush administration one of the meistpersiflierten and parodied, although it was also used by Clinton at times. The use of this term and the U.S. policy meant that the United States are referred to by some vehement critics in foreign policy, as a rogue state (eg, from Noam Chomsky and William Blum).

Current and former "rogue states"

Current "rogue states":

• Cuba Cuba ( since 1982)
• Iran Iran (since 1984)
• Sudan Sudan (since 1993)
• Syria Syria ( since 1979)

Former "rogue states":

• Libya Libya (1979-2006)
• Yemen Sud South Yemen (1979-1990)
• Iraq 1991 Iraq ( 1979-1982, 1990-2003 )
• North Korea North Korea (1988-2008)

Currently, the U.S. government of Cuba, Iran, Sudan and Syria as a "rogue states " and " state sponsors of terrorism " means. Formerly belonged to Iraq, South Yemen, Libya and North Korea do so. In the framework of the Six -Party Talks was promised that North Korea is removed from the list when it finishes its nuclear program. Was notified on 11 October 2008 that North Korea was removed from the list. After the Sudanese government according to plan carried out by the independence referendum in southern Sudan in 2011 and recognized South Sudan, announced the United States, the Sudan should be removed from the list if other demands were met.

South Yemen was removed after its unification with North Yemen to Yemen from the list.

2006 Libya was removed from the list after Muammar Gaddafi had publicly renounced terrorism.

Afghanistan and erected by the Taliban Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was never on the official list, as the United States, the Taliban are not recognized as a government of the country.

In the future, an approximation of the United States to Cuba is planned. The Secretary of State John Kerry should therefore decide on the removal of Cuba from the list.