Rope rescue

As altitude rescue ("Special rescue from heights and depths ( SRHT )"; depending on use also low rescue called ) refers to the exploration, the rescue services and emergency medical care and evacuation of people in distress in the highs or lows. The methods are closely related to the mountain rescue service and the medical rescue service. You will of fire fighting, aid agencies and operators of high objects ( utility poles / utilities & antenna systems / mobile operator ) and in Germany since 2001, THW, Workers ' Samaritan Federation, German Life Saving Society, St John 's Ambulance and Malteser made. Also, all the forces of the mountain rescue national associations are formed in the high-altitude rescue.

The term " high-altitude rescue " is used by different disciplines ( rescue organizations, climbers, cavers, climbers industry, fire brigades ) in different ways. The subject of this article is only the height of rescue in the sense of uniform federal definition of non-police security from the AGBF 2001 " Special rescue from heights and depths ( SRHT ) ".

The work is always done in the rope and stand out among others by always multiple (redundant ) Design of protection and rescue systems from.

Typical applications for height rescuers have heart attacks or strokes of crane operators, suicide attempts, rescue from high buildings or climbing accidents, people in pits or silos and people that have crashed into great depth, as well as personal accidents in aerial work on towers and other elevated locations.

History

Beginnings of altitude rescue techniques were developed in the 1970s and 1980s by mountaineers and cavers in France, Belgium and the UK. Pioneers were, for example, the brothers Petzl and George Marbach. A milestone was introduced in West Germany by W. Morlock 1978 Einseiltechnik. Nevertheless, the high-altitude rescue technique, a domain of the Cave Rescue stay long.

In the GDR at the 1982 Berlin fire brigade of the " Special Rescue Service (SRD )" was founded, which began Methods mountain rescue. In 1986 he was introduced throughout the GDR later in height rescue service (HRD ) renamed.

In France, the high-altitude rescue service is affiliated since about 1985, the fire department.

1993 saw the establishment of the first West German high-altitude rescue group at the fire department Frankfurt am Main.

Training

A highlight savior at the fire department or ambulance service needs in addition to the fire service training or to his training as a paramedic or paramedics complete a 80 -hour basic training and provide a minimum of 72 training and practice sessions annually. Some high-altitude rescue groups make to the fulfillment of this requirement immediately to remain in the high-altitude rescue service.

A recognized educational institution is, inter alia, the Institute of Fire and Disaster Protection Heyrothsberge where Frank and Peter Haverney Wölke, two recognized experts and authors in the field of high-altitude rescue, train for years and produced numerous teaching media. In general, the training will be held after the recommendation of the Special AGBF for rescue from heights and depths, defines the material science, knots, rescue tactics, and much more.

Material

At the height of rescue come in contrast to sports climbing mainly materials for rope access techniques in the field of industrial climbing for use that meet higher quality standards. The tools an altitude rescue group is in addition to the extended personal protective equipment such as special rock climbing gloves, helmets, harnesses from static rope load-bearing, dynamic ropes to secure, carbines, various rope brakes and Abfahrgeräten as descender, Radeberger hooks, Industrial Descender or DSD, fixing materials such as slings, rope protection components, hand ascenders and grinding basket stretchers or rescue straps for patient enrollment. In carabiners steel instead of aluminum is used for safety reasons mostly. There are Abseilrettungsgeräte (DIN EN 341 ), which allow a single rescuer (eg colleagues) to save supported people as quickly as possible. This rescue devices are, inter alia, used in the fall protection and rescue concept ( ASiR concept) Telekom. Today you can find on many wind turbines these devices, to ensure a second escape route and to rescue downed employees. These devices are also used for rescuing from shafts, ducts, silos, tanks, etc.. Rescue exercises ( training / instruction ) are offered by the manufacturers of these rescue equipment. As medical tools the usual rescue services units are used, absolute minimum is an emergency kit for foundations in trauma care, hemodynamic stabilization and airway management. Continuous monitoring is done for reasons of space usually not as usual with a multi-channel ECG, but with a much smaller pulse oximeter.

Tactical basic variants (after AGBF )

• Passive abseiling ( draining ) in the single rope and safety rope
• Active abseiling in a double or single rope
• Rescue from deep with in the single rope hoist
• Secure upgrade or cross- climbing ( lead climbing )
• Save a person from the rope (Pickup)
• Cable car between two points ( cable-stayed )

Development and Research

Currently, there are in the environment of high-altitude rescue in Europe three studies that deal scientifically with this issue. These are

EUSR ( 1)

EUSR (European Union of Special Rescue) is a project funded by the EU project, which has dealt with the comparison and far-reaching harmonization of technology and procedures in the European high-altitude rescue. Members of the project were numerous emergency management authorities, of Germany, for example, Representatives of the BF Aachen and the BKS Heyrothsberge. Results include six basic variants (see above), which are incorporated into the relevant directive for Germany SRHT the AGBF. The EUSR project is completed.

EUSR2

EUSR2 is how the previous project EUSR, a European project that deals with the harmonization, standardization and quality assurance of trainers height of European savior. Result here will be a general learning software that flank the education and training to the height Savior and to optimize attendance phases in training. EUSR2 is underway.

EUmedSR

EUmedSR ( Epidemiological investigation of medical emergencies that have led to the use of high-altitude rescue groups) is a project that is currently being conducted at the Justus -Liebig- University of Giessen. For this purpose, all -altitude rescue groups that are available for requisitioning by public control centers in Germany, asked about the structure and use of medical data. First results of the study were presented in November 2008 at the annual congress of the DIVI.