Russula acrifolia

The Scharfblättrige Schwärz - Russula ( Russula acrifolia )

The Scharfblättrige Schwärz - Russula ( Russula acrifolia ) is a mushroom of the family of Täublingsverwandten. As its name suggests, its fins have a very sharp taste. His hat is colored gray to dark brown and its flesh becomes red when it is violated, before it turns gray - black. The inedible Russula grows under various deciduous and coniferous trees. The fruiting bodies appear from late July to early October.

• 5.1 Infra Generic classification

• 7.1 Notes and references

Features

Macroscopic characteristics

The Scharfblättrige Täubling is very similar to the closely kindred Dichtblättrigen Täubling, but it is larger and more robust. The hat is ( 4) 6-12 ( 15) cm wide, only spread out, then depressed and later a funnel. At the age of initially rolled edge is sharp-edged. The hat is lighter or darker colored sepia or umber. He is often reddish-brown, but sometimes also spotted very dark, but is never completely dark brown black. The hat skin remains moist and shines long greasy greasy. In contrast to Dichtblättrigen Täubling the hat has a red-brown rather than olive Beiton. He appears to be less pronounced in two colors (light edge and dark center), as is the case with the Dichtblättrigen Täubling.

The slats are less thin and are less crowded, but are more brittle and taste spicy to very spicy. You are cremeweißlich colored and never tinted pink. The spore powder is pure white (Ia according Romagnesi ).

The 3-6.5 cm long and 1.2-3 cm wide handle is only brown and later dyed gray-black and has about the same color as the hat, but the top underneath the slats he usually remains more or less white. You rub the stick he turns more or less reddish.

The flesh is firm and reddens in breach immediately, but usually only weakly stained and starts, in contrast to Dichtblättrigen Täubling at almost the same time to blacken. The smell is weak and the meat tastes hot in the slats even burning sharp. The meat changes color with ferrous sulfate only orange greenish. With guaiac it adopts an intense dark blue and wine- brown with phenol.

Microscopic characteristics

The roundish to elliptical spores are 6.2 to 9.5 microns long and 5.5 to 7.4 microns wide. The Q value (ratio of length and spore width) is 1.1-1.3. The spores ornament is 0.5 microns high and consists of numerous, fine warts, which are mostly net-like connected by ribs.

The 4- sporigen, clavate basidia are 40-57 microns long and 10-11 microns wide. The 30-40 microns long and 5-6 microns wide cheilocystidia on the fins cutting is cylindrical to pfriemförmig and above often constricted. At their head, they are often appendikuliert. The numerous, cylindrical pleurocystidia are 45-105 microns long and 5-6 microns wide. They also carry an appendage at their peak. All Zystiden stain easily with sulfobenzaldehyde blackish on.

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) consists of more or less cylindrical to almost spindle-shaped, hair-like, only 3-5 microns wide and partially branched hyphae, are 3-6 microns wide Pileozystiden between them. These are the top most constricted and react only weakly with Sulfovanillin and discolored only slightly blackish with sulfobenzaldehyde. Your hyphal walls are gelatinized majority.

Artabgrenzung

With the exception of the thick-leafed Schwärz - Täublings (R. nigricans ), the Scharfblättrige Schwärz - Täubling be easily confused with other species of the section Nigricantinae. The following features help to distinguish the Scharfblättrigen Schwärz - Täubling of similar species.

• In contrast to the black startup ends Russula (R. albonigra ) is the flavor not menthol- also includes the hat skin Pileozystiden that are dyeable with Sulfovanillin.
• In contrast to the smoke - brown Schwärz Russula (R. adusta ) the meat changes color when injury first reddish ( pink ). In addition, the handle is folded flat and not irregularly veined at the base.
• When Dichtblättrigen Schwarztäubling (R. densifolia ) the taste is mild to schärflich, but never sharp, also smell the fruit bodies at the age according to the musty old barrels. The hat skin is dry or dull and not wet and greasy, the hat at the age depressed, but not a funnel. Even the flesh reddens only before then blackens, while almost simultaneously blackens when Scharfblättrigen Schwärz - Täubling and reddens.

Ecology

The Scharfblättrige Täubling is a mycorrhizal fungus of various deciduous and coniferous trees. His favorite Mykorrhizapartner are the beech and spruce. But he also goes with larch and pine trees in a symbiosis. Outside of Germany, birch, oak and linden come as partners.

You can find the fungus, especially in beech and beech-fir forests on better, but not too nitrogenous soils, but also in spruce forests. Fresh, medium subtle, neutral to alkaline, calcareous soils usually over lime and marl are preferred, but they should not be too nutritious. Acid, flat ground, to dry or wet soils are avoided.

One finds this fungus often common to the Rotstieligem and the Weißstieligen leather Täubling. The fruiting bodies appear from late July to early October, rarely earlier. The species prefers the hill and medium-sized mountains, the plains and the higher mountains are shunned.

Dissemination

• Countries with records by
• Countries with no evidence
• No data
• Non-European countries

The Scharfblättrige Täubling is a Holarctic type, preferably a temperate climate. The species occurs in North Asia before (Caucasus, Siberia, North and South Korea and Japan), North America (USA, Canada and Mexico), North Africa (Morocco ) and Europe. In Europe, the Täubling in the south of northern Spain has been demonstrated to Greece, in the west it occurs in France, the Netherlands, Great Britain and Ireland, he is also widespread throughout central Europe and southern Fennoscandia.

In Germany you will find the fungus usually scattered from the North German hill country from the Central and Southern German Uplands to the Alps. In the lowlands of Täubling is very rare. The Scharfblättrige Schwärz - Täubling is an endangered species on the Red List, it is classified in the hazard level RL3. Also in Switzerland, is the Täubling not frequent.

System

Infra Generic classification

The Scharfblättrige Schwärz - Russula ( Russula acrifolia ) belongs to the subgenus Compactae and here in the sub-section Nigricantinae, are summarized in the russulas whose flesh reddens, gray or blackened with injury. He is closely related to the very similar Dichtblättrigen Schwärz - Russula ( Russula densifolia ).

Importance

The Scharfblättrige Schwärz - Täubling is unpalatable because of its sharp taste. It may even be mildly toxic.