Russula integra

Brown leather Russula ( Russula integra)

The brown or brown-red leather Russula ( Russula integra) is a mushroom of the family of Täublingsverwandten. The fungus bears his name, because of his brown hat and buff when mature slats.

• 5.1 Infra Generic Systematics

• 7.1 Notes and references

Features

Macroscopic characteristics

The hat of leather Täublings is 6-12 rarely to 15 centimeters wide and usually colored red-brown or dark brown. But it can also have an olive-brown, or yellow-brown color. The center is usually darker in color, but can also fade out olive - yellowish. The young mushroom is hemispherical with smooth boundary, and later he is arched, and finally pushed down the ages in the middle and ridged bumpy clearly on the edge. The hat skin is in damp weather greasy - sticky gloss, in the dry state it is smooth and silky shine. It can be a ¼ to a maximum of half deduct from the edge.

The blades are thick, 7 to 13 (maximum 15 ) mm wide and bulged at the stem, grown or almost free. They remain quite long whitish cream color before they are yellowish and only last yellow ocher. The blades are usually colored light. The white stem is fixed in the young mushroom. He is 3-8 inches long and 1.5 to 2 inches wide. At the age the base is like rostfleckig. The stem is never reddish tinge.

The meat is white and firm. It tastes mild and pleasant sweet walnut or almond-like. After prolonged chewing it can also taste like paper ( especially in older mushrooms ). The smell is either slightly fruity or jodoformartig, but usually it is hardly noticeable. The spore powder is cream to ocher.

Microscopic characteristics

The roundish to elliptical spores are 8.0 to 11 microns long and 7-9.5 microns wide. The Q value (ratio of length and spore width) is 1.1-1.3. The spores are covered with numerous, powerful, stand alone, 1.5 ( -2) microns high, thorny warts. Some of the warts can be doubled, that is, two warts are fused together.

The viersporigen, clavate basidia are 45-75 microns long and 11-14 microns wide. The blades cutting edges are occupied with not very numerous, more or less spindle-shaped, 38-60 microns long and 6-13 microns wide cheilocystidia. The also -spindle pleurocystidia, however, are numerous and 55-110 microns long and 8-13 (-16 ) microns wide. Your tip is blunt or appendikuliert. All Zystiden are dyeable with sulfobenzaldehyde, although at times weak.

The hat skin consists of pointed and often frayed branched hairs that are 1 micron at their base 3-5 microns and at their ends barely wide. They are often in their midst, occupied less frequently over the entire length with crystals. Between the hyphal cells is very variable, cylindrical to club-shaped Pileozystiden that are 4-7 microns (-10) wide and be stained distinctly blackish with sulfobenzaldehyde find.

Artabgrenzung

The brown leather Täubling has a very similar lookalike, the cedar Russula ( Russula badia ). He has a lackluster hat and often a red uncrowded stem. If you rub the blades, it smells more or less noticeable in cedar. It tastes mild at first, but after you've chewed on it for a while, it tastes extremely sharp, so it is also called " Insidious Täubling ". If in doubt, helps only a cautious taste test, it is advisable to try only small pieces!

The braunhütige also edible and weasel colored Russula ( Russula must elina ) has creamy white fins and whitish spore mass and can be easily distinguished.

Otherwise, the brown leather Täubling can still be confused with the other leather Täublingen. Especially similar is the Weißstielige leather Russula ( Russula romellii ). But his hat is strong purple or colored wine - red, his fins are bright yellow to orange and splinter easily. In contrast to the brown leather Täubling it grows, as well as other leather russulas, mainly in the deciduous forest, mostly under beech trees.

Ecology

One can find the brown leather Täubling July to October mainly in mountain coniferous forest, often gregarious under pine and spruce. The fungus preferably chalky, fresh to moist soils.

Dissemination

The brown Ledertäubling is a Holarctic species with meridional to ( sub) arctic area of ​​distribution. You can find the Täubling in Northern Asia ( the Caucasus, Siberia, Russia and the Far East, China, Korea and Japan) in North America, North Africa (Morocco, Algeria) and Europe. In Europe, the Täubling of Spain in the southwest is distributed to Romania in the southeast and in the north throughout Fennoscandia and Svalbard. In the West, the distribution area of France on the Benelux States and Britain extends up to the Hebrides. The eastern boundary is located in Belarus.

In Germany the Täubling in the Northwest is quite rare and is more common to the south with increasing altitude. South of 51 degrees latitude, the species is moderately common, but regionally in layers over 600m almost frequently.

System

The brown leather Täubling was first described in 1753 by Carl von Linné integer as Agaricus before Elias Magnus Fries in 1838 placed it in the genus Lactarius, so he got his today valid name.

Infra Generic Systematics

The brown leather Täubling is the type kind of sub-section Integrinae, which is a subsection of the section Russulinae. The representatives of the sub-section are usually large or medium-sized species with pure white stem and yellow to ocher- yellow spore powder. The taste is quite mild. The Latin epithet integra means entire, and points to the ungrooved in younger fruiting bodies brim.

We distinguish several varieties, differing in size or Hutfärben of the normal form.

Importance

The brown Ledertäubling is a valuable, tasty edible mushroom with a mild, almond- like taste.

Swell

• Template: Internet resource / maintenance / access date is not in the ISO FormatH. Romagnesi: Russula integra. Les Russules d'Europe et d' Afrique du Nord (1967). In: The Fungal mycobank.org website. Retrieved on 25 August 2011 (French).