Russula ochroleuca
Lemon Russula ( Russula ochroleuca )
The lemon Russula ( Russula ochroleuca ) or ocher (white ) Täubling is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulacea ). In Germany he is one of the most common russulas. His scientific epithet means ocher and white. The hat is lemon to ocher- yellow, the stalk and the fins white. You can find the Täubling both in coniferous than in deciduous forests.
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat is 5 to 10, to 12 inches wide, in rare cases, young arched, then spread wide and depressed in the center. The hat skin is dry bare and smooth, when wet it is sticky and greasy. The hat color varies from pale yellow to ocher- yellow, which both led to the designation of ocher and the name Zitronentäubling.
The slats are 4 to 12 millimeters high and always kind of whitish. They tend to yellowing and are often aged brown spotting. The spore powder is whitish - pale.
The stem is 4-7 inches high and up to 2.5 inches thick. He is more or less cylindrical in shape and sometimes slightly thickened at the base. He is at least young colored white, but it can discolor ocher - yellowish in age especially in drought, with strong penetration, he is also gray.
The meat is always white, only when humidity is high it tends somewhat to the horror. It is comparatively fixed, may in old age ( especially in the stem ), but also be spongy - soft. The Zitronentäubling has only a faint odor, if it smells pleasantly fruity. The taste can best be characterized with spicy, it ranges from almost mild to sharp a little.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are round - elliptic, 9-10 microns long and 7.5 to 8 microns thick wide, connected with burred warts. The ridges form of an almost complete network.
Artabgrenzung
In Buchenwald can the Zitronentäubling possibly with the similar gall Russula ( Russula fellea ) confused. This is dünnfleischiger and fragile, his Hutmitte is usually a dark- yellow ocher. The edge of the board is colored pale ocher and has about the same color as the slats and the stem. In contrast, when Zitronentäubling are the white flakes in a striking contrast to the yellow hat color. In addition, the gall - Täubling smells typically after Geraniums and tastes especially in the stem - burning sharp.
Even closer is the rare Yellow Grey stem Russula ( Russula claroflava ). It grows mostly on swampy ground under birch trees. It tastes bland and the meat grayed out much stronger. At the age cutting the fins are blackish discolored.
Ecology
The Zitronentäubling like all kinds of russulas a mycorrhizal fungus, which can be associated with various deciduous and coniferous trees. In Central Europe is the common spruce, the most important symbiotic partners, besides symbioses occur with silver fir, birch, beech, Scots pine and other trees. The Zitronentäubling inhabited spruce and spruce- fir forests, spruce forests, acidophilous beech forests, hornbeam - oak and oak forests, still raised bog edges and pine forests. The species grows on shallow to medium subtle, loose, humus-rich or provided with strong raw humus or fashion pads acidic soils that developed over acidic origin rock, or the deep abgesauert, jam wet are to moderate dry and can to moderate its nutrient- rich weak. The fruiting bodies appear in Central Europe from July to November. Under favorable conditions the Zitronentäubling may be a mass of fungus.
Dissemination
The species is widespread in the meridional to subarctic zone of the Holarctic and comes in Israel, the Caucasus region, eastern Siberia and the Far Easter to Japan and Korea, North America (USA), North Africa (Morocco ) and Europe before. In Europe, the Zitronentäubling is common in almost all countries of the Mediterranean to the Hebrides, Scandinavia, Finland and Spitsbergen.
In Germany the species is everywhere dense disseminated to public.
System
Because of its similarity to the gall - Täubling the Zitronentäubling long time was placed in the sub-section Felleinae, a subsection of the section Ingratae, which also includes the russulas from the lineage of the Stink - Täublings. Recent genetic studies and the Mykorrhizaanatomie show, however, that no close relationship exists between the two species, instead of Zitronentäubling is related to the not similar leather handle - Täubling. Today, he is asked to Bon in the sub-section Ochroleucinae within the section Lilaceae.
Importance
The Zitronentäubling is edible, although it is not very tasty mushroom. You can use the mixed mushroom dish it without pretreatment in moderate numbers, with larger amounts of short blanching is recommended. The sticky hat skin is usually soiled with earth and pine needles, as the fungus develops in large part below the surface.