Rustication (architecture)

The surface from a component is rusticated if the individual block layers are separated by large gaps. The rustication is a variant of the harness.

Types of rustication

Rustication

If the joints between the layers to achieve a distinctive strength in facing masonry or plaster walls, the masonry is called rusticated ( rustifiziert ).

The actual or simulated ( in case of plaster walls) rock layers form horizontal bands. Also according to strong -lines between band- forming, especially if they occupy the space of an entire block layer, so that the impression is created as if each second layer of bricks have been omitted.

Due to the band structure rusticated architectural elements are also referred to as banded, although the concept of banding also includes other manifestations.

Rustication and rusticated exposed brickwork differ in the faces of the stones that make up the masonry ( see cover photo ). In rustication the faces are very roughly trimmed and feign an almost unedited state. In masonry rustiziertem the faces are more or less flat, and have a clearly recognizable on processing.

The language used is not uniform. The concept of rustication is used as an umbrella term for rustication rustication and and as a synonym for rustication.

Bandrustika

A special form of rustication, the Bandrustika or Bänderrustika dar. As Bandrustika plaster surfaces are referred to, which are divided by joints in continuous plaster strips. However, the usage is not uniform, both terms are also used interchangeably for rusticated surfaces where the plaster strips are not continuous.

Rustication and Bandrustika differ by the vertical joints, which are absent in the Bandrustika. Apart from the already loose use can be seen in borderline cases, eg in narrow columns, use both terms together.

Plattenrustika

The flat variety of rustication is called Plattenrustika or Steinschnittquaderung. The square is on its end face flat and smooth machined ( " mirror cube " ) and separated only by joints or masonry exterior is clad with panels.

This variant is less related to the Bossenrustika than wall coverings by marble slabs ( " incrustation " ), as they are handed down from antiquity and Proto-Renaissance. Even modern natural stone facades can be run as Plattenrustika.

Eckrustizierung

When Eckrustizierung the rustication limited to the corners of a building. It consists in rare cases of cut stones. More often, the corners are taken with plaster beads into the desired shape or time - or used sgraffito techniques.

Architectural elements

The rustication was in Renaissance, Mannerism, Historicism and Neo-Renaissance style of a popular element in architecture.

It was mainly used for facades and could extend to the whole facade, to individual floors or to individual architectural elements of a facade ( pilasters, corner pilaster strips, pilasters, blind pillars, window and door frames ).

Except facades and façade elements also free architectural elements such as columns and columns were rusticated.

Bandrustika pilasters on the ground floor. Coburg, Friedrich- Rückert- house road 53

Rusticated facade and obelisks. Large Grotto in the Hortus Palatinus the Heidelberg Castle.

Strong rustication in the basement and slightly rusticated pillars on central portal of the ground floor. Stuttgart, Villa Mountain.

Stark rusticated window frames and corner pilaster strips on the central projection. Meiningen, Castle Elizabeth Castle.

Portico with rusticated columns. Arc- et- Senan Royal Saltworks, home of the director.

Translations

Word origin

Is rustizieren or rustifizieren The word derives from rustication (Latin "opera rustica " = rural work ) and means " provided with a rusticated surface."