Sabbatical

Sabbatical or a sabbatical is a working time model for an extended special leave. In modern times, figuratively that coming from the United States the term sabbatical, according to the biblical Sabbath year, it means either

• A year of part-time work
• Or a year of time off (the actual sabbatical, gap year also )
• And for high school teachers on sabbatical or year.

Term education and opportunities

The term sabbatical was coined by professors at U.S. universities for a research or sabbatical. The temporary exemption from teaching allowed to devote himself completely in this time of the research. It also gives room for concentrated training or a rethinking of the future work direction. At European universities are those outs possible since the 1990s and are increasingly being used.

Rules analogous to develop in the economy, especially in larger companies. Here, the employee may by wage cuts and the establishment of credit hours, such as overtime, to set up a time in lieu (see long-term account ). This time in lieu may be taken in one piece. During the entire time while the income remains constant. In addition to the sabbatical there continues to be entitled to paid leave.

The duration of time-outs can be arranged by special labor contracts, but is usually managed by time credits on their own time account. What the sabbatical is used in detail, is iA free. The most common reasons to retire for a long time from the world of work,

• Further education
• In higher education time for concentrated research
• Career change
• Prevent burnout
• Take a time-consuming Partnership and Family phase or
• - Often associated with a part-time retirement - to go into early retirement.

Schemes for civil servants

In Germany there is work to six -sevenths of the normal salary for civil servants the opportunity for a period of two to six years for two-thirds. In return you can then be totally exempt for one year and has been awarded this year also two-thirds to one seventh of the salary.

In Austria there are civil servants and contract staff the opportunity to take a free year if no official reasons to the contrary, and if the staff has worked a certain time in the public service (eg, five years in federal service, six years at the Vienna State service ). The frame time is usually five years (including one free year) during which the employee receives 80 percent of the usual monthly salary. Even shorter frame times and free times can be arranged ( governed by § 20a of the Act and § 78e contract staff of the Civil Servants Act).

The break can be used for training, retraining, travel or reorientation. It must be clear rules to be made whether and how sick leave will be credited on sabbatical.

The motivation and creativity can be enhanced by this model, even a burn-out is prevented. Problems the organization may prepare the representation. Also, the return to work can be problematic for a sabbatical for the employee.

In Denmark about the state promotes work interruptions for sabbatical times financially. By For the employees the incentive to interrupt their careers, greater. The vacated bit positions are filled in the ideal case of long-term unemployed until the return of the holidaymaker. This is facilitated as the professional re-entry. The Netherlands and Finland have introduced similar programs. In Germany, however, such a thing is not yet integrated into the everyday work.

Origins

The Sabbath year ( sabbatical English ) refers to a method described in the Torah divine command:

"And the Lord said to Moses on Mount Sinai: Speak unto the children of Israel and say to them, When you come into the land which I give you, then shall the land keep a Sabbath to celebrate the Lord, a rest period. Six years thou shalt sow thy field, and six years prune your vineyard, and gather the fruits. But in the seventh year the land shall keep a solemn Sabbath to the Lord. Since Thou shalt not sow your land and not edit your vineyard. "

In the Roman Catholic Church Sabbath year refers to the years between two saints years.

Origins from the Hebrew Sabat: stop something, stop. Another explanation comes from Seba (seven): the seventh day, the seventh year.

The Sabbath year is the last in a series of seven years; then slaves should be freed, also fields and vineyards to lie fallow. What still growing, belongs to the poor. ( Bible, Exodus 23, 10 f and Deuteronomy 15, 12-15)