Sagarmatha-Nationalpark
The Sagarmatha National Park is a national park in Nepal, which was founded in 1976 under the name of Sagarmatha National Park and since 1979 a UNESCO World Heritage Site. He takes with an area of 1148 km ² a large part of the Khumbu and is bordered to the north by the Tibet Autonomous Region. Eponym for the national park is Mount Everest ( Nepali: सगरमाथा, Sagar = sky, matha = head, forehead, " forehead of the sky ").
The landscape is rugged peaks - embossed, glaciers and valleys that were formed by glaciers and streams - including the three eight-thousanders Everest, Lhotse and Cho Oyu. In addition to the impressive mountain formations were some rare animal species and cultural sites of its population of Sherpas reason for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage. To the east of the 2330 km ² large Makalu Barun National Park, adjacent to the Sagarmatha National Park.
Climate
The National Park is located in the eastern climatic zone of the Himalayas, where monsoon starts in June and declines only in late September. During the months of October and November the weather is temperate with cool nights. From December to February, it is also the day cold with temperatures generally below 5 ° C. During these months it now and then violently snowing. As of March, the days are getting warmer.
Vegetation
The height levels of the protected area ranging from 2845 meters to the highest point on Earth at 8848 m. The park consists of about 69 % of agriculturally unusable highlands at about 5000 meters above sea level, 28 % are used as pastures and for potato cultivation and only 3% is forested. These forests are located in the river valley to the National Park and are made in the deepest layers mainly of hemlock. In the layers above outweigh fir, juniper, birch and rhododendron. Further up the soft woods typical alpine plant communities. Above 5000 m the land is barren and consists of rock, snow and ice.
Fauna
The national park is a habitat for snow leopards, wolves, little panda bear, musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster ), Himalayan Tahre ( Hemitragus jemlahicus ), Goral, Seraue, Yellow-throated marten, Himalayan marmots and pikas ( Ochotonidae ). In the deeper layers of rhesus monkeys, black bears, Hulman and Muntjakhirsche occur.
The snow leopard was eradicated in the Nepalese part of the Everest complex in the 1960s, but could colonize Tibet restore the area and occurs today in the National Park. This is mainly due to the increase in stocks of Tahren and musk deer. Overall, the acceptance among domestic Sherpa, but predominantly on animal husbandry also from increasing tourism seems to be relatively high. The wolf who is more feared in Shepherd, because he can even tear adult yaks is extinct since the 1980s and is still missing in national park area. This suggests that this predator has become rare on the Tibetan side. Leopards that could inhabit the lower elevations were not detected in a recent study in the National Park. However, red foxes and jackals gold occur erwiesenrmaßen.
Ornithologists have identified more than 118 species of birds including the Himalayan monal ( Lophophorus impejanus ), Himalayan grouse ( Tetraogallus himalayensis ) and blood pheasant ( Ithaginis cruentus ). The small lakes at higher altitudes are important gathering points for migratory birds, especially waterfowl.
Tourism
The Sagarmatha National Park lives mainly from tourism. He is a popular destination for high-altitude mountaineer and trekking tourists, most of which are on Mount Everest trek on the way. The park entrance is located near Monju. The entrance fee is 3000 NRs ( about 27 Euro, Stand 2013).