Samolus valerandi
Salt Bunge ( Samolus valerandi ), at the beginning of flowering
The perennial, evergreen salt Bunge ( Samolus valerandi ) is a rare plant of the family Theophrastaceae - but traditionally it is also one of the Primelgewächsen ( Primulaceae ) provided. It flowers from June to September and is found on moist, usually slightly saline sites.
Features
The salt - Bunge is about 5 to 50 cm tall, is not hairy and therefore appears almost bald. Your fleshy, glossy basal leaves are 2-6 cm long and about 0.5 to 2 cm wide, are in a basal rosette and are obovate to spatulate. The upper stem leaves are arranged somewhat smaller and alternate. The racemose inflorescence is quite loose. The flower stalk of each single flower is very thin and about 1 cm long. In the midst of this is often caved and provided with small leaves. The white flowers crowns have only about 3 to 4 mm in diameter. The spherically shaped fruit capsules are shorter than the calyx.
During the winter, take the plant as Hemikryptophyt. The salt - Bunge is a typical pollen flower, which offers them pollinating insects pollen as a "reward". The fruit capsules are spread through the water. Due to their slight adhesive effect can stick on animals. The seeds are durable and lichtkeimend. Each plant cell has 12 or 18 chromosomes.
Occurrence
The salt - Bunge grows on seasonally dry to moist, sometimes also flooded, often saline places. These are often the edges of water bodies, gappy brackish reed beds or moist valleys of the coastal dunes. Away from the coast it thrives only on moist inland salt and occasionally to change eating, clay Rohbodenstellen. Their habitat has salt - Bunge, especially in salt plants corridors, salt-tolerant creep and kick lawn and in the short-lived Unprocessed pioneer hallways. It is characteristic species of plant associations Armerion maritimae and Agropyro - Rumicion. Furthermore, it is one of the associations Nanocyperion ( dwarf rush communities) and Scirpion maritimi.
Salt Bunge often grows together with beach - thrifts, salt plume, Bodden - rushes, beach trident beach milk cabbage and salt bulrushes in reed reeds. After the Ellenberg indicator values are half -light to full light plant, it is quite warmth, shows Lake to temperate maritime climate, is a humidity to wet hands, has flooding back, is a weak base pointer and can tolerate moderate salinity.
The salt - Bunge is discontinuous disseminated among others in Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The native to North America and Japan subspecies Samolus valerandi subsp. parviflorus is now often regarded as a separate species.
Endangering
In Germany, the salt - Bunge is classified on the Red List of vascular plants as " endangered ". In Bavaria and Saxony it is even threatened with extinction, Saarland she is already considered lost. In the area of coasts it occurs mainly on the Baltic Sea, less on the North Sea. But she is in great danger, not only in Germany but also in the rest of Europe. Reason for the disappearance is among other things a lack of habitat dynamics ( small-area Bodenverwundungen by mechanical forces, etc.). The destruction and conversion of small-scale special locations is another cause.