Sandalwood

Sandalwood ( Santelholz, Santalholz, Latin lignum santa linum, lignum santali, French bois de santal, Eng. Sandal wood ) is a trade name for various woods that come from trees of the genus Santalum.

Under this name, two with different properties and uses, even from very diverse trees native woods in the trade, first the red sandalwood, color wood, and secondly, the white and yellow (the latter two from the same tree ) in the country of production, the eastern Asia, are consumed as a precious fragrant wood furniture and perfumery purposes, while in Europe takes place only this latter application. The red wood that is at least, in the strongest blocks called partly Kaliaturholz comes from a mighty tree with legumes, Pterocarpus santalinus, which grows in the mountains of eastern India and Ceylon.

The wood comes in both blocks or logs of 50 kg and more, as well as grated and ground into fine wooly fibers or powders on the market. A particularly fine, impalpable grains forming powder is called Flight Andel. The usual powder is also used for the production of red incense cones. The color is darker or lighter red, pulling air through influence to brown. The wood is heavy, does not float on the water, has coarse winding and crossed extending fibers and is dotted with lustrous channels. From other redwoods, it differs in that it releases its dye neither cold nor in boiling water. It may consist of the comminuted wood by ethanol ( with blood-red color) or alkaline solutions ( sodium carbonate solution, violet) are extended. From the alkaline solution, the dye can be reflected by acids; One can thus fix the dye on fabrics when they are impregnated with that solution, and then runs through an acid bath. But the color so dyed wool is always going to violet. However, the wool takes the dye already in spite of its insolubility in water from the wood when the fine powder is boiled with water and wool. The color is then pure red and is even more beautiful by adding a stain. We used the sandalwood in combination with other dyes to wood green, bronze and brown shades on wool fabrics. Alcoholic extracts of the wood are also used for red coloring of different tinctures, pastries, especially liqueurs. The sandalwood more dyes, the most famous is the Santalin.

The white and yellow sandalwood comes mainly from Santalum album, a tree whose genus is the type of a small private natural family ( Santalaceae ). It grows on Timor and some other East Indian islands on the coast of Coromandel, but, also planted for its wood, which is sought and expensive. Moreover, even freycinetianum an equivalent type Santalum is growing in the South Sea Islands, led. As a furniture wood used, it has the advantage that it is resistant to pest infestation.

On the uninhabited archipelago belonging to Pitcairn Island Henderson endemic counting the Sandelholzgewächsen low shrub Santalum growing insular hendersonensis.

Use

Mainly sandalwood is used because of its good smell as a fumigant and perfumery. The Chinese refer to significant amounts of wood incense and lumber. The coming to us wood usually forms only arm-thick, 60-90 cm long, smooth peeled logs, where the sapwood yellowish white, the core is yellow. The wood is now used mainly to distill the essential sandalwood oil from it. For this purpose, the crushed and water swollen wood is distilled with steam. The yield is about 1 ½%. It is oil directly from India, which yellowish white, very thick and heavier than water; its strong odor is peculiar and fine balsamic, very long lasting and comfortable only in very dilute solutions. It's used especially handkerchief perfumes and perfuming of soaps. It also comes wood from America of undisclosed origin; it can be assumed that the tree has been there, perhaps, transplanted to the West Indian islands of the East Indies.

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