Sándor Bortnyik
Sándor Bortnyik [ ʃa ː ndor bortɲik ] ( born July 3, 1893 in Marosvásárhely Hungary, Transylvania, (now Târgu Mureş ), † December 31, 1976 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian painter and graphic artist of modernity.
Life
Bortnyik 1910 studied at the Free Art School in Budapest in Kernstok Károly József Rippl- Ronai and János Vaszary. His contacts with the magazine " A Tett " ( The act ) lead to acquaintance with Lajos Kassák, Janos Mattis Teutsch, Gyula Derkovits and Béla Uitz. Through them he found in 1917 to the group "MA" (Today) and is one of the most important representatives. Especially the German expressionism and French cubism influence him. 1919 after the fall of the Soviet Republic Bortnyik emigrated to Vienna and published there the folder " image architecture ", a series of six constructivist stencil printing. This series runs from the letter and number fragments on to the program of a fictional reality construction. The composition consists of pure colors and geometric shapes coupled to one another. They act as sterile notions of the new harmony creation on paper dreamed. Based on this, regarded as one of the incunabula of the early constructivist graphic work, developed Kassák his " image architectural theory." 1922 comes with Lajos Kassák, the chief editor of the magazine " MA " to break. Bortnyik published subsequently in other Hungarian emigre journals and is editor of the journal " Kritika " ( review). His works show at this time a figurative expressionism with rayonistischen and Cubo-Futurist elements. The end of 1922 represents Bortnyik for the first time in Herwarth Walden's Berlin gallery " Der Sturm".
At the invitation of Farkas Molnár Bortnyik traveling to Weimar where she participated in the Congress of the Dadaists and Constructivists. In Weimar, he remained for a few years to observe the work of the Bauhaus. He visited the " De Stijl" Course of Theo van Doesburg mountain and is interested in the theater workshop of Oskar Schlemmer. In Weimar Bortnyik paints abstract spatial compositions, with surreal characters, reminiscent of the later metaphisische painting by Giorgio de Chirico. ( the new Adam, the new Eve, 1923 ). The geometric compositions show his more distanced ironic attitude towards the Bauhaus. 1923 Bortnyik opened his own exhibition in the Berlin gallery renal village. 1926 returns Sandor Bortnyik back to Budapest and worked at the avant-garde theater " Zöld Szamár " ( Green donkey) with.
In 1928 Bortnyik based on the model of the Weimar Bauhaus school of advertising art " Mühely " ( workshop), he runs to 1938 and also studied at the Victor Vasarely. Within the private school Bortnyik wanted to put those principles into action, he has met in Weimar: the functional design, the union of design and composition, and the use of modern typography and photography. After his return from exile Bortnyik soon becomes a leading figure of the Hungarian advertising graphics. In his posters is the abstract constructivist art work and the repertoire of the "New Typography " associated with an unorthodox color palette to bear. Bortnyik poster style remains flat and often without shade.
By 1930, several image principles prevail. On the one hand is seen in strictly diagonal screen layout, the duplication or multiple repetition of figures. The ranking as a design element, an immanent principle of industrial mass production, was highly appreciated by the constructivists in general, as it was used in commercial art. Another imaging method in Bortnyik posters, commonly around 1925 became common, represented the combination of true to life representation of the package of goods and schematic stylized figure that appears cut out of a smooth solid color background.
The essence of Bortnyik posters is always the goods, everything else is subordinated to this object. In particular, the poster designs for " Modiano " of 1926 show very good Bortnyik extremely fine color and form perception. They are prime examples of constructivist advertising art. In them cumulate all maxims: Objectivity, dynamics, economical application of resources, imagery.
1929 until today highly acclaimed picture book appears Miracles ride with verses by Albert Sixtus in Alfred Hahn 's Verlag Leipzig. The Manuscriptum -Verlag 2002 is a new version out.
With time, we can observe an increasing aestheticization of the commodity on the posters. Not least thanks Bortnyik work applies in these years Budapest as an important center of avant-garde poster art. After the Second World War, Bortnyik art inspired by a sometimes satirical -style " socialist realism ". From 1948 to 1949 he is a teacher at the Academy of Applied Arts, and then to 1959 director of the Academy of Fine Arts in Budapest.
At the end of his life he finds back to the art of previous years.
Museums
Bortnyik work is represented in numerous exhibitions of Hungarian avant-garde and well-known collections, such as
- Hungarian National Gallery - Budapest
- Jannus Pannonius Museum, Pécs, Hungary
- Abbey Museum Mountain, Mönchengladbach
- Museo Thyssen- Bornemisza, Madrid
- Los Angeles County Museum of Art - LACMA, USA.