Sayfawa dynasty

The Sefuwa, sometimes written Sayfuwa and Sayfawa are a dynasty that ruled first over Kanem Kanem -Bornu and then finally Bornu to 1846 in the area of Lake Chad since 1068.

  • 2.1 Sefuwa - Duguwa kings of Kanem
  • 2.2 Sefuwa - Humewa kings of Kanem
  • 2.3 Sefuwa kings of Bornu

History

Name and origin

The King Chronicle of Kanem -Bornu, the Dīwān has Sort by: Sef, Abraham (Arabic: Ibrahim ), Dugu. The namesake was probably Sargon of Akkad (2334-2279), according to recent research. This was apparently remembered by his Sumerian royal title sipa " shepherd ". Therefore, the correct name of the dynasty also Sefuwa and not Sayfuwa or Sayfawa (after Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan ).

States founded by the Duguwa

After the fall of the Assyrian Empire 612 BC came leaving groups from Syria - Palestine in the east of Lake Chad area and there founded the state of Kanem. From the following list of rulers Dīwān some conclusions about the ethnic composition of Duguwa can be drawn (actually Sefuwa - Duguwa ). The name Dugu is to recognize that the Duguwa under the leadership of former deportees were Babylonians.

To power of the Sefuwa

In the course of Islamization the actual Sefuwa under Hume displaced from 1068 Duguwa and built their dynastic rule of the great empire Chad. Because of the name of the dynasty 's founder, the full name of the dynasty Sefuwa - Humewa. Since at least the 13th century Sef was identified because of the name similarity to the pre-Islamic Yemeni hero Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan. Because of this erroneous identification of the dynasty name is often rendered as Sayfuwa or Sayfawa.

Rule of Sefuwa

The Sefuwa prevailed in the first period over Kanem Kanem and Bornu and then after their expulsion from Kanem by the Bulala only about Bornu and other vassal states west and south of Lake Chad. The history of Sefuwa - Humewa is so far largely identical with that of the empire Kanem -Bornu.

Overthrow of the Sefuwa

The fall of the Sefuwa was initiated at the beginning of the 19th century by the Fulani jihad. After the fall of their capital Birni Gazargamo the Sefuwa called 1808 the fortified scholar al - Amīn al - Kanemi to help. This did manage to become the Fulani man, but at the same time he held on to the newfound power. Thus the Sefuwa became more and more marginalized. In a last desperate act of Ibrahim ibn Ahmad allied in 1846 with the Sultan of Wadday. But the plot flew open and all members of the Sefuwa that fell to al - Kanemi in the hands, were executed. It is unknown whether there are descendants of the Sefuwa today.

Table

Sefuwa - Duguwa kings of Kanem

Sefuwa - Humewa kings of Kanem

Sefuwa kings of Bornu

Bibliography

  • Heinrich Barth, " Chronological table, Containing a list of the Sefuwa ", in: Travel and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, Vol II, New York, 1858, 581-602.
  • Dierk Lange: Le Dīwān the sultan du Kanem -Bornu, Wiesbaden 1977.
  • -: The Founding of Kanem by Assyrian Refugees ca 600 BCE: Documentary, Linguistic, and Archaeological Evidence ( PDF, 1.6 MB), Boston, Working Papers in African Studies N ° 265
  • Nehemiah Levtzion and John Hopkins: Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History, Cambridge, 1981 ( unchanged reprint Princeton 2000).
  • Abdullahi Smith, The early states of the Central Sudan, in: J. Ajayi and M. Crowder (ed.), History of West Africa, Vol I, 1st ed, London, 1971, 158-183.
  • Louis Brenner: The Shehus of Kukawa, Oxford 1973.
Bornu Empire Duguwa Dynasty Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi Ibrahim (name) Nairi Bulu Nabopolassar Semiramis Adad-nirari III.
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