Sea captain

The word captain ( from the Latin caput, " head ", " head", stem capit -, and derived from Capitaneus " Leader"), also captain or skipper, has been found in almost every European language input and referred among other things to guide a ship. The leaders of warships will be named commander; the leaders of civil manned Navy auxiliary ships are, however, referred to as the captain.

General

Each vessel has a single responsible skipper. Especially on large ships are a variety of nautical, technical and commercial roles and responsibilities in his hand. Primarily, the captain is responsible for the ship as such, and for his participation in the transport sector and industrial processes. Also for navigation and safety on board, he is responsible. His next higher staff are the Chief Engineer and First Officer. As manager of the skipper for the occupation and work organization, as a people mover or carrier for the passengers and the cargo is responsible. As a "landlord " on the ship has the skipper aboard the violence.

In the recreational boating is called skippers, which are equivalent to the captain usually experienced skippers and their function. The training, however, is much simpler. Since English is the common language of communication in the international seafaring, it is now common practice that the captain of a merchant ship master ( and not " Captain " ) is called and his mates Mates.

History

The medieval northern European sailing ships sailed under a "master " ( low German " Meester " ) designated skipper. This " master " was the seamanship and nautical guide a ship. His helper was called the " Mates " (English) or " mates " ( in Low German today in the plural form " Maaten " use).

When they began, the merchant ships (there were in northern Europe at that time no regular warships ) for protection against raids to arm, they gave the "Master" a military "Captain " or " Captain " (ie Captain ) together with some officers and marines with the case of a possible fight the command of the ship took.

Finally, the former skipper ( of Meester and his Maaten ) are entirely subordinate to the military and formed nurmehr responsible for the sails and nautical navigation key personnel on board. The actual skipper renamed as captain, his direct assistants were the ship's officers. Thus, from the military "Captain " (English " Captain," German " Hauptmann " ), a ship captain and not, as is often assumed, the other way around.

To emphasize the dual function as a military and nautical guide, military commanders sloops were bestallt as "Master and Commander" in the 18th and early 19th century, while was responsible for navigation on larger ships, a separate "Sailing Master".

Even today corresponds to the rank of "Captain " in English-speaking armies a German captain (equivalent to a Lieutenant of the Navy ). In the English navy, however, the rank of "Captain " corresponds to the German sea captain (equivalent to a Colonel in the Army and Air Force ). In order to prevent confusion between the Captain in land and air forces on the one hand and the service grade higher Captain of the Navy on the other hand, the latter resulting in the correspondence often the addition (USN ) ( in the U.S.) or ( RN ) ( in the UK). In the English-speaking police - with the exception of the British equivalent, where the captain approached the rank of chief inspector - district manager or comparable management ranks of the criminal police are also referred to as " Captain ". This rank is roughly comparable to a German or Polizei-/Kriminalhauptkommissar 's First Polizei-/Kriminalhauptkommissar.

Tasks

Can be described fully using the German maritime law The manifold tasks and responsibilities; it was reformed in April 2013 in the German Commercial Code. According to § 478 HGB, the ship's crew from the captain, the ship's officers, the ship's crew and other persons working in the context of ship operations. The captain is authorized to make the shipowner all business and legal transactions, which usually brings with it the operation of the ship ( § 479 paragraph 1 HGB). This formulation corresponds to the one officers. In a ship's log ( " log " ) are entered all accidents caused by the captain, concerning the ship, persons or cargo during the voyage. The captain is authorized to issue bills of lading ( § 513 paragraph 1 HGB ).

That in July 2013 defunct sailor Act ( SeemG ) governed including, among others, the roles of captain and crew. The captain was accordingly appointed by the shipowner leader of the ship and had to holders of a state certificate to be ( " captain's license "; § 2 para 1 and 2 SeemG ). He is the owner of the ship's force, is responsible for the nautical and administrative leadership of the ship and is master of the house. He is the all crew members (106, Section 1 SeemG ) and is responsible for the maintenance of order and safety on board (paragraph 2); averting of danger he may enforce arrangements should be forcibly including temporary arrest ( paragraph 3). These events trigger an entry in the logbook. The diary must be signed by the captain and is regarded as deed especially in later litigation. The dream ship must be made clear at least since the television series that a marriage as so-called " deep-sea ceremony " by a captain who is not at the same time possesses the qualifications of a registrar, a German ship is not permitted and is valid even if the ship is in international waters located. A captain is always bound to the law of the country whose flag his vessel. Marriages may be concluded only in Germany before the registrar ( § 1310 para 1 BGB). To prevent the Trauungsunfug at sea, subject to the U.S. Navy, for example, the following provision: ". The commanding officer is allowed to carry on board his ship or aircraft any wedding ceremony " Is the captain a ship about because of unseaworthiness on (English abandonment ), it is ownerless. the task requires the exercise of a discretionary power or the will 's assets by the captain. If this and the occupation by pirates or foreign ship crews forced to leave the ship, can not be of task talk. captains are usually employed by shipping companies. working in major ports port captains.

The captain must present in the respective territory to include the necessary patents for guiding the watercraft. The training takes place at maritime academies or colleges. Captains with a university degree in Nautical lead the academic degree Dipl.- boaters or Graduate - Industrial Engineer. Maritime or Dipl. -Ing. Maritime transport, since the conversion of diploma to bachelor degree programs they receive the title Bachelor of Science ( B.Sc.) awarded; Captains who have completed their education at the College, have the title Certified (r ) technician ( in ).

Merchant Shipping

Germany

The skipper of a civilian cargo ship is the " captain ". This is a service position, not a rank. He is addressed on board with " Captain ". Is this civilian captain of board because he was replaced by a successor, he is not a " captain " more. He is then a person with a nautical patent and is again only captain when he gets the command to his next ship. Only on smaller ships, the captain goes even guard. On larger ships and Great trip, he is usually free of wax, and the officers and helmsmen of the guard ( " watch officers ") will become the guards.

Master mariner

Master mariner is the outdated, but still common name for a captain on merchant vessels of all sizes in all trades with the exception of fishing vessels. The needed for this basic patent for nautical officer can be purchased at professional schools ( Certified Navigator ) or colleges (Bachelor of Science ( B.Sc.). ).

Captain on a small trip

Captain on a small journey is outdated, but nevertheless common name for a captain on merchant vessels with a tonnage of up to 500 in the national tour with the exception of fishing vessels. The needed for this basic patent can be purchased at a trade school.

Austria

Due to the Barcelona Convention of 1921, it is landlocked countries allowed to operate ocean-going ships under its own flag. In contrast to the situation in Germany, the captain is named after the Austrian Seeschiffahrtsgesetz of 1981 proclaimed by the shipowner on a permanent representative. He retains his title after leaving the ship:

Training as a captain in the merchant shipping

To be captain in the merchant navy, you have in Germany at a technical school or college that certificate attain " a navigational watch officer ". This is followed by an experience driving time from net at least two years. Then we obtain that certificate to the deck officer / captain.

To obtain that certificate on the path of college, you have to have at least the college entrance.

To obtain a technical institute his certificate, you have learned a seafaring -related professions, including the required seagoing service have ( Sailor, mechanic or ship operation Technical Assistant ). But newcomers have the opportunity to log in with a metal work and an experience driving time at a technical school.

Warships

The term commander as leader of warships referred to a service position, which is independent of the military rank of the skipper. The ship's commander is either a staff officer ( Lieutenant Commander, Commander, rarely Captain ) or, on smaller ships and boats (eg submarines ), a lieutenant commander.

Basically all the staff officers of the Navy with the exception of the medical officers, regardless of their exact rank with " Mr. or Ms. captain " approached, but without the i speak in Marine jargon in the Word, that is, with " Mr. Kap'tän ". Captain lieutenants are traditionally addressed in Navy jargon as "Herr Lieutenant Commander ". On the other hand is not in use the salutation " Mr. or Ms. commander".

Recreational boating

The leader of a sports motor or sailing vessel has all the rights and duties of a captain and as such is responsible for the safe navigation of the vessel and crew and guests and charge.