Search and Rescue

For the supply of Verschüttungsopfern see Urban Search and Rescue.
To the search and rescue of the military during combat operations, see Combat Search and Rescue.

With Search and Rescue (SAR ) ( German: search and rescue ) international government- commissioned search and rescue services for emergencies in the aviation and shipping are referred. All countries that have acceded to the 1944 Chicago Convention are obliged to have a corresponding service for air emergencies. The corresponding practice in distress cases was only in 1979 that governed internationally by the Convention on the search and rescue at sea. The basis for the implementation of the jointly published by the International Civil Aviation Organisation and the International Maritime Organisation IMO IAMSAR Manual ( International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual). Most SAR services in the armed forces, existing emergency services, police or other security agencies are incorporated.

In Germany, for SAR services, the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development in charge, however, has transferred to the Ministry of Defense or to the German Society for Sea Rescue in performing these tasks. Additional funds are provided by other agencies and organizations when necessary, eg by federal and state police, fire brigade, German Red Cross, Waterways and Shipping Administration, Customs, Technical Relief and mountain rescue. To differ from the SAR services in Germany, the air rescue that uses the fast transport helicopter for the general emergency service.

7.1 German SAR services
7.2 International

SAR service to aircraft in Germany

Tasks

In the field of aviation, the SAR service is perceived by the Bundeswehr ( army and navy ) on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development. The object was in the Bundeswehr reform in 2013 transferred from the Air Force to the army (ability transfer).

Tasks of the SAR service of the Bundeswehr are:

Search of distressed aircraft, positioning of the machine;
Rescue of crew and passengers;
Support of search and rescue service in the German North and Baltic Sea;
Support of their own and allied forces during emergencies.

In addition, tasks outside the SAR be exercised insofar as military and SAR duties do not preclude it, and sufficient capacity is available:

Support of the civilian rescue services;
Secondment of rescue helicopters to support countries in the event of a disaster.

For air emergencies on Lake of the SAR service to aircraft through the maritime SAR service is supported.

Organization

For Germany there are two SAR areas with their own control centers in Münster and Glücksburg, the (previously Air Force ) and the Navy are run by the army. The control center is responsible for the operational control of search and rescue operations in their area. The SAR area Glücksburg includes the states of Schleswig -Holstein and Hamburg, the German territorial waters and islands as well as the territory of the German continental shelf, the SAR area of Münster, the German mainland territory without Schleswig -Holstein and Hamburg.

The SAR area Münster are three with SAR helicopters Hereres from transport helicopter regiment 30 ( Niederstetten ) occupied SAR commands in wood village, Penzing at Landsberg and Noervenich. In the five commands Laage, Diepholz, Erfurt, Malmsheim Ingolstadt and the operation has been set in 2009/2010. The SAR area Glücksburg consist SAR commands on Helgoland and in Warnemünde, which are occupied depending on machine availability from Monday to Friday. Otherwise, a SAR helicopter of the location of Naval Air Wing 5 ( North Woods ) from used. Wind force eight but a helicopter is moved to Helgoland, if possible. The SAR control center Münster is also a nationwide network of 33 radio stations flights available, the SAR control center Glücksburg has 13 on the SAR - area distributed aeronautical radio stations. The SAR control centers and the SAR helicopters provide the means and resources of the first degree, which are in constant readiness.

More mobilized when needed resources are resources of the second degree. The federal states, usually set up at the Ministries of Interior or the top police authorities, SAR range-finding bodies that carry out at the request of the SAR search and rescue control centers on the ground. The city -states of Bremen and Hamburg operate each have a common area search site with Lower Saxony and Schleswig -Holstein. In addition, the Bremen Rescue of maritime SAR service acts as the Search site for sea areas of the North and Baltic Sea. Of the military area commands also troops may be requested. In addition, other operating resources of the Armed Forces and allied forces, especially air and sea vehicles, are used. Is urgent emergency assistance required, the SAR control center to alert the responsible rescue coordination centers.

With neighboring SAR services of other countries, close cooperation and mutual assistance takes place.

SAR helicopter

SAR area Münster

The medical equipment of the SAR helicopter of the army is to be equated with that of a civilian rescue helicopter. Depending on the application may require additional equipment. In Landsberg, a second helicopter is ready for use specifically held for use in the mountains. He is not equipped with the full set of SAR.

Mountain rescue equipment

Another application of SAR helicopters to the rescue from the mountains or difficult terrain. To this end, holds the Transport Helicopter Regiment 30 ( Niederstetten ) at the airbase Landsberg / Lech | Penzing before a specially configured SAR helicopter. He is not equipped for reasons of weight with the full set of SAR. Search and rescue efforts of the SAR units may be broken unlike many daytime only pre -preserved civilian rescue helicopters, around the clock. If necessary, the personal support of the occupation carried out by the competent local mountain rescue service.

The SAR helicopter crews working on the ground very closely with the mountain rescue service. Are trained not only common searches also flights with search and rescue dogs to locate, for example, and save avalanche victims can.

SAR area Glücksburg

The helicopters of the Navy have a different outfit. When rescue at sea by means of SAR helicopters recording of injured or sick persons by the rescue hoist plays a crucial role. Also, a special feature that the rescue of the lake (English offshore) the absence of alternative recovery options often take place even under very difficult weather conditions. In this respect, the search and rescue at sea differ significantly from the air rescue and SAR missions over the country.

Crew

The cast of SAR helicopters functionaries aimed in Germany according to the respectively covered behalf of the command.

In the field of naval aviation is always at least four people form the crew, including

Two helicopter pilots,
An air vehicle operations officer ( Lopo ) and
A flight engineer with medical schooling ( paramedic ).

To use this Westland Sea King MK 41 helicopters come.

In the area of the army, however, the SAR helicopters are regularly occupied by three crew members:

A helicopter pilot,
An on-board technician (BT, Flight Engineer Master ) and
An air rescue Champion.

This staffing is the earlier practices of the Air Force owed, the Bell UH -1D began with pilot and BT, while the Army basically fly with two pilots. For use helicopters come from the type Bell UH- 1D. It can when deployed as part of the urgent relief in addition a doctor on call, are taken for example from a nearby hospital.

Preparedness

The helicopter SAR commands are generally ready for use 24 hours a day all year round. During the day, apply a lead time of 15 minutes. Between sunset plus 30 minutes ( no later than 20:30 clock ) and from 7:30 clock in the morning she rises to a maximum of one hour.

SAR means of second degree

In addition to the SAR helicopters, which are among the degree of SAR resources first, there are still means 2nd degree. (Extended search areas ) If necessary, additional aircraft from the Bundeswehr stocks may be subject to the SAR service. These include more helicopters, including the army, maritime reconnaissance Lockheed P-3 Orion, which can for example operate across the sea several hours to locate the wreckage of sunken ships, or transport aircraft such as the can C- 160D Transall performing similar tasks. The SAR agents also include helicopters such as the CH -53, which can also be used as a flying large-capacity ambulances as the Transall. A helicopter will be in Laupheim, equipped as a large-capacity emergency helicopter, held for major incidents in readiness. The medical staff is provided by the German Federal Armed Forces Hospital Ulm.

Alerting

The alerting service is operated by the air navigation service providers in Germany. He is guaranteed to controlled flights for flights for which a flight plan has been abandoned and for flights that are the air traffic services otherwise known. It is performed in the controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Notfunkbakenalarme are received by the Mission Control Center of COSPAS- SARSAT alerts via marine radio from the Bremen Rescue. These give the alarm to the control center responsible on. In observations by the population or overdue vehicles can be alerted about 112 also through a local rescue center, the police or fire departments who pass the alarm about the SAR area search sites. The use of SAR helicopters in the SAR commands via the SAR control center Münster (Westfalen) for the continental area or on the SAR control center Glücksburg for the maritime sector. The leadership of the inserts is also performed by the SAR control centers.

If need other control centers or authorities for its own account by means of SAR units, they sit down with the relevant SAR control center in conjunction.

Search and rescue ( SAR maritime service) in Germany

Due to the part of the International Maritime Organisation (International Maritime Organisation, IMO ) 1979 closed the Convention on the search and rescue at sea was the maintenance of a maritime SAR service in Germany on state task. The Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development has delegated this responsibility by an agreement of the German Society for Sea Rescue who have previously performed the rescue service. The GMRS maintains this, among other things, a fleet of rescue cruisers and with the Bremen Rescue a Rescue Coordination Centre.

The maritime SAR service is supported by the SAR service to aircraft. This concerns in particular the content provided by the Navy at the Kiel SAR helicopter ( Sea King ) of the Naval Air Wing 5

For complex incidents at sea, the Central Command takes over operational control and the distress line is to use section line SAR. It also sends a specialist consultant in the accident rod.

SAR services abroad

The following is an insight into the responsibilities for the SAR service is exemplarily given in some other countries of the world.

In Belgium, Westland Sea Kings of the 40th Squadron of the Air Force are used for search and rescue service.
In the Netherlands, helicopters are used Bell 412 of the Air Force for search and rescue. Particularly frequently the West Frisian Islands are served.
In Britain, the Royal Air Force (RAF ) guarantee Westland Sea King helicopter SAR service ( see picture).
In Finland, the company Copterline with helicopters the air bound SAR service safe (photo)
In Greece, the local Air Force maintains helicopters to AS -332 Super Puma for the SAR service before (photo).
In Italy, the Air Force maintains a comprehensive airborne SAR service. The most important base is Practica di Mare, near Rome. The maritime SAR services primarily bears the Coast Guard.
In New Zealand the police near the coast and the Coast Guard ( Maritime Safety Authority ) takes over for extended search areas to carry out search and rescue operations.
In Canada, the Coast Guard authoritative provider of maritime SAR services.
In the Bahamas, there is no institution that SAR services operates with permanent employees. This task ( ensuring the sea rescue ) accepts volunteer members of the organization BASRA. They are supported by the military and the U.S. Coast Guard if necessary.

History

Largest SAR mission in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1978 was the search for the Atlantic geratenen and sunken ship in distress Munich, where more maritime reconnaissance and Transall were several days in use. Also SAR services from abroad helped at that time in the largely fruitless search.

German Navy Area Control Center#Center operations Westland Aircraft Deutsches Museum Deutsche Flugsicherung Federal Emergency Management Agency Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard

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