Secondary education

The secondary education, including secondary education or secondary or secondary Daria, comprises the area in the education system of a state that based on a completed primary education (primary education) prepared for higher -skilled occupations. He is often further divided into two regions ( in Germany and Switzerland, for example, lower secondary and upper secondary education, secondary education in Austria lower and upper ).

  • 3.1 Germany
  • 3.2 Austria
  • 3.3 Switzerland
  • 3.4 Liechtenstein

International Classification

International institutions and courses are counted for secondary education, which are classified by the UNESCO ISCED levels 2 and 3.

Stages in education

In general, you divide the secondary education after the age in:

  • ISCED 2: first stage secondary education ( lower secondary or secondary education lower level), which measures about older children between the ages of eight to fifteen years
  • ISCED 3: Upper secondary education second stage ( secondary education or secondary education level) for the level of twelve to nineteen -year-old adolescents

The schools of the secondary education sector is called secondary school, where a type of school may well begin with the primary education. The age limits in which one switches from the primary to the secondary education, and in which one secondary education usually leaves vary greatly worldwide. The visit of the secondary I / sub stage is necessary in most states to meet the compulsory education, the schools of secondary education / high school are usually attended voluntarily.

It should be noted, does not collapse, the term secondary education worldwide with the term secondary education: In Denmark, Portugal, Finland and Sweden and parts of Canada as there is a uniform compulsory education for nine grade levels, so that no independent secondary education consists, with, secondary education ' one thinks there the secondary level in many Asian countries, there are several speed levels, in which students can complete the secondary education in less time.

General and Vocational Division

After the goal of education is separated:

  • General education education ( ISCED code letter A), not to a future career aims ( general education schools )
  • Vocational education ( ISCED code letter B), the aim towards a certain sector ( vocational schools ) or a specific occupation ( vocational training of basic professions)

Explicit training in the secondary level / lower level is not considered a state of affairs, because it amounts to child labor, therefore the schools of the lower level in the industrialized countries are entirely general education. In France, for example, but can in the two last years of the Collèges (about the secondary education sub- level / secondary education) a technical focus are chosen in Luxembourg, there is a technical issue at the beginning of lower secondary

In some states predominates in secondary education, the general education (Western Europe, Scandinavia, Anglo-Saxon education systems ), in Central and Eastern Europe dominated VET.

Education levels of secondary

After the training, a distinction is

  • Middle education, which includes a vocational qualification, either as part of the dual system of vocational education ( ISCED 3B, training in work and vocational school) or at a vocational middle school ( school with a vocational qualification ). Then allows vocational training ( master diplomas, professional specializations, etc.) or formal education in addition to vocational (ISCED 4 Post-secondary education, such as vocational schools, master classes and in-service training: ISCED 4B as a vocational diploma, or ISCED level 4A as night school )
  • Higher education, which has a higher degree ( Abitur, Matura and the like) in the Tertiary education (ISCED 5, universities and related institutions ) leads - this form of education there is both in general education (general secondary school ) and vocational training ( vocational secondary school ), the former has the intention to prepare for general scientific education (ISCED 5A), temptation to subject-specific higher education ( ISCED 5B)

As a lower level of education ( lower education) to classify then: only completed elementary school, or just completion of compulsory education without vocational training, as well as dropping out of school as a single career ( unskilled ), or a purely professional training, without an accompanying school - the latter is still not in the industrialized countries more common, but the world's standard of education career.

These classic divisions are because they lead already in the ages that force to a school decisions (completion of primary school, completion of compulsory education ), but also by the terms, Hedge 'and' Higher education ' to a social order, seen critically. Today, they are broken up by numerous other educational models, or trying to break.

Common names for types of schools of secondary education

  • Vocational school
  • College
  • Comprehensive School
  • High school
  • Secondary school
  • High School
  • Girls' high school
  • Secondary school
  • Preparatory school
  • Junior high school
  • Secondary School
  • School

Organization of the secondary range of individual states

Germany

In Germany, the secondary includes grades 5 to 13 ( in the condensed course of education 12), so depending on the province in a Einschulalter of 5-7 years and 10-12 years of compulsory education in general, the students of the ages 9-19 years. The schools are divided relatively consistent in secondary education (ISCED 2, the end of compulsory schooling) and secondary ( high school, ISCED 3).

Austria

In Austria, the education levels correspond to 5 to 12 of the secondary level, ie 11 -19- year rule students, one is referred to as sub-stage ( stages 5-8, ISCED 2) and advanced ( stages 9-12, ISCED 3 ), the compulsory education is completed by the end of grade 9, so there is a special one-year school ( Polytechnic School ) in ISCED 3B, which completes the compulsory education, if you visit a secondary school. For details, see types of schools in the education system of Austria.

Switzerland

In Switzerland sets depending on the canton secondary in the fourth to sixth grade a (6 is the rule of the end of primary school ) and ends in the 13th to 15th grade, so in general to find the ten to twenty year olds in this level of education are. The separation in secondary education ( high school, ISCED 2) and upper secondary ( ISCED 3) is Switzerland far to see with the end of compulsory education at the end of ninth grade, with the exception of long-term high school whose secondary education begins in the 8th level, and the voluntary tithes school year.

Liechtenstein

In Liechtenstein, called the entire ISCED 2 secondary (6-8 grade, primary 5 - year), ISCED 3 from the end of the school Obligatoriums with 15 years of Secondary school (9-12 step), it includes the students who usually 11 are -19 years old.

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