Sendeanlage Bisamberg
The transmitter Bisamberg was a transmission facility for medium wave (MW) on the Bisamberg on the border between Vienna and Lower Austria. He was lying at an altitude of 308 m above sea level. A.. Send The first plant was built in 1933, at the end of World War II but destroyed. The second transmitter was rebuilt in 1959 and was until 1995 in operation. Between 1997 and 2008, the transmission system was only partially used. One of the two towers of this system was 265 m above sea level by the year 2010 as the tallest building in Austria and the city of Vienna. On 24 February 2010, the two towers were blown up, as their preservation would have been too costly.
History
First transmitter
The Bisamberg was selected with a portable transmitter as the location of the transmission system due to previ gender propagation measurements. The first transmitter was on May 28, 1933, operation and sent to destruction on April 13, 1945 by the retreating SS troops.
The former station represented a directional antenna with the main beam direction to the west, consisting of two insulated against ground diamond-shaped towers, so called Blaw- Knox towers existed. There was about this type of transmission towers hardly Publications, Inc. led the radio traffic ( RAVAG ) initially at Seyring experiments.
As mast height was a quarter of the operating wavelength, ie about 130 meters, was elected. In the construction of two identical poles, however, the possibility was planned to set up a 5 meter high mast part with an additional up to 15 feet sliding steel tube on top of the mast in order to account for any changes in the wavelength can.
The radio-frequency installations of 100kW transmitter supplied by Telefunken. The transmission tower was young by Ignaz Gridl. and the directional mast Waagner -Biro made , the plans of the two companies were jointly developed. The guy wires for the transmission tower supplied Felten & Guilleaume those for the directional mast Santa Egyder Iron and Steel Industrial Company in Vienna. The review of plans and calculations for the Ravag as principal, Ernst Melan.
The transmission tower was erected by the company Gridl in winter 1932/1933, the directional mast was mounted Waagner -Biro in the fall of 1933. This work could be carried out only during the transmission breaks, because otherwise there was danger. During radio broadcasts, he had to be grounded in order not to impair the transmission quality.
Since the transmitter was not yet sufficiently connected to the public power grid, served two 420 kVA and 335 kVA generator with diesel engines as an autonomous power supply. The engagement of employees to blow the machines could be prevented with built in 1932 and they are still standing today, even if they are no longer used. Destroy the other hand, were the transmitter building and antenna system.
After the dissolution of RAVAG in 1938, the transmission system was taken over by the German Post.
Second transmitter
Immediately after the Second World War, a makeshift transmission mode was an added, each with a 10 kW transmitter at the radio station in the Argentine street and in the building of the tobacco monopoly, Bisamberg again built by the company Czeija & Nissel transmitter with 35 kW of power in the surviving until 1950 staircase went into operation. The antenna is a 65 meter high lightweight mast was used. After the Wilhelminenberg a 100 kW transmitter was erected, this interim solution could be reduced again.
In 1954, the 1950-1952 built by the American occupation forces in Upper Austria and primarily to the east, in the Russian occupation zone radiant transmitter Kronstorf was handed over to Austria. After withdrawal of U.S. troops in 1955, so was the strongest stations in the country at an unfavorable location and with an unfavorable beam direction. So they built the 1956 274 meters high and one of the two 137 m high masts from and to the new frequencies adjusted Bisamberg again.
The isolated at the base, each at three levels guyed and self-radiating half-wave dipoles configured as a transmitter masts 265 m (North Pole for 585 kHz) and 120 m ( Südmast for 1476 kHz) were now high. The North Pole was until 2010 the tallest structure in Austria. During operation, the poles were under a high voltage. In the region of the central platform of the north pole, there was a separation insulator, so that the upper part could be used simultaneously for the 1476 kHz frequency. Later, the separating insulator was dismantled and the simultaneous operation possible by a complex antenna adjustment in house. Both masts were on the city of Vienna in the district Floridsdorf, whereas now a listed building is broadcast to a large extent on the Lower Austrian municipality of Langenzersdorf.
On August 17, 1959, the transmitter went with the new masts and four tube stations each with 120 kW maximum power (according to other sources 150 kW ) is regular in operation. The two were matched for frequency and were able to send in parallel operation with 240 kW. The performance could be throttled to 60 kW. The two 150kW transmitter and the antenna house facilities were supplied by Brown Boveri. On 1 May 1975 was a 600 kW transmitter in operation, which also worked with electron tubes. This was between 585 kHz and 1476 kHz switchable. When transmitting tubes the types CQS400 came with a plate dissipation of 400 kW and an anode voltage of 14 kV are used.
On 6 September 1994, the station master control for all TV and radio programs in Austria was transferred to the transmitter Kahlenberg and set the send operation on 1 January 1995. On 21 March 1997, the 120 kW transmitter 1476 kHz decreased with reduced power to 60 kW at the frequency again. Sent a mixed program of OE1, Radio Austria International and programs of different groups from home and abroad. On 3 May 1999, the 600 kW transmitter was reactivated for about 3 months, in order to radiate in the wake of the disintegration of Yugoslavia, information programs such as the ORF broadcast neighbor in need in the Balkans can.
The end of 2000 all tube stations were put into operation shut down and instead a fully transistorized 100 -kW medium wave transmitter on the frequency 1476 kHz. However, the transmitter sent only at a reduced power of 60 kW and beaming day the " Radio 1476 " program. The transistor transmitter consists of 80 individual RF power amplifiers, each of which has a maximum of 3 kW.
End of 2008, the operation of the transmitter was set by the operator of ORS. The " Radio 1476 " program is to no longer receive terrestrial and was replaced by the Webradio " oe1campus ".
According transmission technician Jürgen Conrad, the transmitter was the internal name of "Alice". (. All AM stations ORF wear female names, short wave transmitter male ) just disable instead of the station on January 1, 1995 by 0 clock, he was still wearing the Blue Danube Waltz - and would have been willing to pay the cost of electricity for these eleven minutes privately.
Blasting
The two towers were to be blown up on 24 February 2010 by 12 clock (lower transmission tower ) and 15 clock ( high transmission tower ). The first mast was due to a delay by one riparian, in the safety zone would not leave his house, only to be blown up at 12:42 clock. The second tower followed as planned at 15:00 clock. A receipt of the transmission towers as a monument was not possible or desirable because of the associated costs. This listed building protection to the transmission space to be made available to the public, but remain intact.
Blowing up the 265 meter high mast North ( 2)
Blowing up the 265 meter high mast North ( 3)
Blowing up the 265 meter high mast North ( 4)
Demolition of the 265 -meter-high north pole ( 5)
Demolition of the 265 -meter-high north pole (6 )
Demolition of the 265 -meter-high north pole ( 7)
More images
Demolition of the 265 m high north pole
Parts of the north pole after the blast on 24 February 2010 (15:00 clock )
Remnants of the mast foot North Pole after the blast
North pole
Südmast
The recognizable in the lower pole area of the northern oil-filled mast Fußisolator has a breakdown voltage of 250 kV and can weigh up to 500 tonnes wear.
Supply to Südmast on feeder; aerial forest
Reuse line ( feeder ) for Südmast in detail. The RF power is transferred between the inner conductor and the grounded outer conductor. The outer lines are insulated electrically from the mast for the purpose of heating.
Mast Südmast, the Town of Vienna
Verstagung with insulators. The pitch of the insulators to each other on the guy rope is selected such that no resonance occurs at the transmission frequencies.
Control panel for the old tube station
Sendesaal
North Pole with Pardunenabspannungen
Power supply for Reuse line for the North Pole
Südmast, in the foreground the Reuse line.
Details of a Pardunenisolators North Pole
North and Südmast with Pardunenabspannungen