Sennar (sultanate)

Called the Sultanate of Sennar, also Empire of the deposition or Funji existed from 1504 to 1821 and was located on the territory of present-day Sudan. It is also called Black Sultanate (actually the Blue = deep black ) and are carried mainly in the Arabization and Islamization of different Sudanese ethnic groups. Its capital was Sennar.

History

The Fung it was shepherds and horsemen, who apparently came from the area south of Nubia. Their exact origin remains unknown. As the first ruler applies Amara Dunqas, who founded the kingdom in 1504. In the 16th century they extended their rule in the north to the vicinity of Khartoum. The empire reached its greatest time in the area at the 3rd cataract in the north to Fazoghli in the south, and from the Red Sea in the east to Kordofan in the west. By 1600, the Fung attended the Muslim faith, were settled and inhabited cities (eg Old Dongola, el- Chandaq, Wad Nimeiri, Gerri, Arbaji ). Sultan Baadi II (1645 - 1680) who built the first mosque in Sennar. The history of the Funj is known primarily from the Funj Chronicle, which was written by Katib al - Schuna ( born 1784/85 ).

Starting at 1600 is observed a decline of power. The northern province was virtually independent under the Viceroy of Qerri. It was 1618/19 to wars with the Ethiopian Emperor Susenyos and incursions of the Dinka weakened the kingdom. In the 18th century there were numerous rebellions in the northern provinces. The Sultan of Sennar lost in that time his trade monopoly and other people machinations that followed a stricter form of Islam, arrived in the kingdom and founded trading colonies, but also mosques and madrassas.

In 1821, the Kingdom of Sennar by Turkish- Egyptian troops was conquered.

Form of government

The Funj presented by and large is an elite that over which they had unterworfenenen People's machinations only a loose suzerainty.

The subordinate kings were referred to as Manjil or Manjilak and in turn were under the Maccabees or Mek, who ruled the north as viceroy. They had to appear once in the capital and provide soldiers in need each year. The sons of the viceroys grew up at the court of Sennar, the Sultan chose the successor among them. The Sultan in Sennar also that these viceroys were connected by marriage with the royal family attended.

The Sultan appeared always veiled and could not even be seen while eating. He was a council of 20 people to the side. The amine ( commander ) and Jundi ( master of ceremonies ) were the most important officials in the court. The royal succession ran through the female line. At the coronation he was given a cap with two horns.

Culture

An architectural remains primarily the Qubba be mentioned, in which it is mausoleums of holy men. There are several forts, which are assigned to the Funj and of course the mosques in the various towns and cities. Residential buildings consisted mostly of mud brick and were rectangular with a flat roof, but there were also vault. Few buildings in the Funj, however, are preserved and places the Funj are very rarely the target of excavations.

List of sultans

  • Amara Dunqas 1503-1533/4
  • Nayil 1533/4-1550/1
  • Abd al -Qadir I. 1550/1-1557/8
  • Abu Sakikin 1557/8-1568
  • Dakin 1568-1585/6
  • Dawra 1585/6 -1587 / 8
  • Tayyib 1587/8-1591
  • Unsa I. 1591-1603/4
  • Abd al -Qadir II 1603/4-1606
  • Adlan I. 1606-1611/2
  • Badi I. 1611/2-1616/7
  • Rabat I. 1616/7-1644/5
  • Badi II 1644/5-1681
  • Unsa II 1681-1692
  • Badi III. 1692-1716
  • Unsa III. 1719-1720
  • Nul 1720-1724
  • Badi IV 1724-1762
  • Nasir 1762-1769
  • Isma'il 1768-1769
  • Adlan II 1776-1789
  • Awkal 1787-1788
  • Tayyib II 1788-1790
  • Badi V. 1790
  • Nawwar 1790-1791
  • Badi VI. 1791-1798
  • Ranfi 1798-1804
  • Agban 1804-1805
  • Badi VII 1805-1821
Susenyos I Dinka people
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