Septoria

Septoria tritici

Septoria is a large genus of ascomycete depending on the author from 1000 to 2000 species that are parasitic on plants. They include some major pests of cereals such as Septoria tritici, the causative agent of leaf blotch on wheat, triticale, rye and grasses.

Features

It is an anamorphic genus. Are main crop types ( Telemorphe ) is known, then they belong to the genera Mycosphaerella and Phaeosphaeria.

Septoria species are Koelomyceten which form their spores ( conidia ) in so-called pycnidia. Typical species are the long, sausage-shaped hyaline conidia with a length: width ratio of at least 10:1. You are the one to many septate, can be straight or curved, are smooth. At the septa can be constricted. Due to the size of the taxon, the species to be confused with many other imperfect genera. The types of earlier Septoria calculated genus Stagonospora have much shorter hyaline conidia with thick-walled pycnidia. In addition, the pycnidia of Septoria are usually dark. Cylindrosporium species form their conidia in acervuli and not in pycnidia, which usually break up irregularly in the host tissue and usually mi a layer of host tissue are covered. Phloespora also forms acervuli.

Ecology and distribution

Septoria species usually trigger a variety of necrosis on leaves of their host plants and are distributed worldwide in a variety of ecosystems in both herbaceous and woody plants in front. There are generalists with a very wide distribution area and a wide Artensprektrum. Others are dedicated to individual plants, or adapted to certain ecosystem as moist to mesic montane forests. However, species from dry arid areas are known.

Importance

Among the various types there are numerous pests. Significant in Central Europe is Septoria tritici, the causative agent of leaf blotch on wheat. In contrast, the causative agent of leaf and glume blotch of wheat, Phaeosphaeria nodorum is formerly known anamorph Stagonospora nodorum with Septoria nodorum now to the genus Stagonospora. Another economically important pest is Septoria lycopersici on tomato, brown spot -like necroses triggers on the leaves.

Taxonomy and species

Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that Septoria is not monophyletic. In addition, it was found that the feature of conidiomata ( Pyknidie or Acervulus ) for the phylogeny of little importance, therefore maintaining the separation of the two genera Phloeospora and Septoria was designated as untenable ..

As mentioned, the genus 1000-2000 species counted. In Turkey alone, 79 species are known. The database of fungi Austria lists the following ways:

• Maple Septoria, maple Septenblattpilz ( Septoria aceris (Lib. ) Berk. & Broome )
• Giersch Septoria ( Septoria aegopodii Desm. )
• Septoria Sacc armoraciae.
• Septoria Sacc caricinella. & Roum.
• Septoria caricis pass.
• Septoria caricis - montanae Vestergr.
• Dogwood Septoria ( Septoria cornicola Desm. )
• Septoria cyclaminis Durieu & Mont
• Fleabane - Septoria ( Septoria erigerontis Berk. & MA Curtis)
• Avens Septoria ( Septoria gei Roberge ex Desm. )
• Stork -billed Septoria ( Septoria geranii Roberge ex Desm. )
• Rockrose - Septoria ( Septoria helianthi Ellis & KELLERM. )
• Septoria heraclei (Lib. ) Desm.
• Septoria Sacc lineolata. & Speg.
• Septoria Oenotherae Westend.
• One strip - Septoria ( Septoria Paridis pass. )
• Pear Septoria ( Septoria pyricola Desm. )
• Septoria polygoni Desm.
• Septoria ribis (Lib. ) Desm.
• Marsh Septoria ( Septoria scabiosicola Desm. )
• Septoria sisymbrii Niessl
• Septoria sonchifolia Cooke
• Ziest - Septoria ( Septoria stachydis Roberge & Desm. )
• Septoria villarsiae Desm.
• Mycosphaerella rubi Roark ( Septoria rubi )