Shield budding

Budding is a species of plant breeding, is used in the scion only a dormant bud ( " precious eye"). This eye of the noble variety is used with a small piece of the surrounding cortex in the document (and the mother plant ).

The period of implementation

The bark of the document must have to solve most Okulationsmethoden the season bound property. Procedures that " push behind the bark " the eye, are applicable only in the growing season, because at that time the cambium between the bark and wood is growing and there is a thin film of weakly connected cells. This period extends from late May to September.

The weather plays a significant role, as a stronger drought prevents the growth of the eye. If necessary, can be remedied with irrigation and urea spraying this problem. This difficulty is the total time that the eye needs to grow.

At the time of removal, the buds of the scion must be mature, this is often given only in July for buds of the current year. If you want to refine earlier, the scions must provide the buds of the previous year. This is only possible if the buds are cut into the dormancy period and were stored in accordance cool, dark and damp to finishing.

In Central Europe the refined bud usually drives at a late date for the budding out until the following spring, in areas with long growing seasons bud also in the same year can be carried out. A " budding on the driving eye" occurs particularly early in the year and shortens the period of development significantly.

Carrying out the processing

In the actual Okulation the eye is flat cut out with the grafting knife from the scion, with a length of about 1-2 cm with roses and about 2-4 cm in fruit. It is advantageous if one precious eye on a small petiole leaves, where people can take better into the hand of the little precious eye and the success of the control is used later. Thereafter, an incision is made at the base with a very sharp knife, which attains the bark that the noble eye can be used accordingly. For this special tongues are used for damage-free releasing the bark on the knives made ​​for this work.

The finishing must now be closed either with foil tape, raffia or special Okulations quick closures, to protect them from dirt, drying and mechanical injury. The closure pushes the eye firmly on the cambium of the pad, ensuring a rapid increase, which is done in favorable weather conditions after 14 days. The processing operation should make for as quickly as possible so that the interfaces and especially the precious eye from drying.

Confirmation: One to three weeks after the budding one sees on the petiole, whether the processing succeeded. When the petiole still plump and bright looks and falls lightly touching or has already fallen away from itself, one can call the processing as successful. The successful combination of the two cambium Shares supplies the precious eye now with nutrients and the old petiole can still get water first; but at the same time begins at the discharge point of the blade, the usual separation by more specific tissue formation, until the stalk eventually fall. However, if the petiole dried ( look thin and dark) and he does not fall off even with a light touch, the finishing is not successful: The eye could not connect with the cambium of the pad; in this case, however, is yet possible to a finishing process.

To protect against the cold the graft is angehäufelt in winter with earth. In the spring of winter protection is removed and cut off the plant over the refined eye still present. By the juice of the pressure pad drives from the eye, the newly formed plant reaches eg bush roses in autumn a salable quality.

For roses, the insertion occurs at the level of the root of the neck, with fruit trees at a height of about 10-15 cm above the earth in the year, woody engines.

Known Okulationsvarianten

T- budding

At the T- budding a T-shaped incision is made ​​at the base with a knife: The first thing you will carry out a two -inch-long cross-section, which only cuts the few millimeters thick bark. Next, a longitudinal section has a length of two to four inches and is flush with the cross-section is performed. Using a special solver of Okuliermessers then the two beef wings are raised without damage, so the bark can be claimed on left and right cautiously. In the slot thus created the previously cut eye is used, pushed down a bit, so that it is firmly in the bark pocket, and folded back the bark again.

Reverse T- budding

In order to avoid that water flows into the cut, the reverse T- budding is performed. The cross slot is set below the longitudinal slot, so that the result as a picture upside-down T. This method is used for example in citrus plants, but is otherwise not very common.

Plattenokulation

When Plattenokulation about a square piece of bark is lifted around the precious eye. Similarly, an equal square area is freed from bark and there placed the precious eye on scions. This method is successfully applied to walnut and hickory.

For this work there is a special, two blade -bearing walnut finishing knife, which cuts out a strip of bark with exactly 3 cm width.

Ringokulation

The Ringokulation basically works like the Plattenokulation. However, on a whole beef scion ring is released and fixed in a correspondingly matching, free of bark location on the substrate.

Chip processing

→ See chip processing

The chip processing also uses only a bud, but in contrast to other Okulationsformen the chip processing is not dependent on the solubility of the bark, and may thus be used in the growing break. For each a form of the same wood chip or chip is cut on the scion and the base. The chip consists (at the scion) from the bud, the surrounding cortex and a portion of the underlying wood. This entire chip is inserted into the notch cut to fit the base and secured with raffia or rubber band; in the refinement in the spring of the gaps still need to be passed with grafting wax, in the summer finishing is not necessary.

Nicolieren

Between noble variety and base an intolerance, a thin plate of a third species may be placed between the two, with which both are compatible. This process is called Nicolieren.