Sicydiinae
Sicyopterus fasciatus
Lippenzahngrundeln ( Sicydiinae ) are a subfamily of Grundelartigen ( Gobioidei ). They live around the world in both fresh and brackish waters on tropical islands and in fast- flowing rivers and streams in coastal mountainous regions at altitudes of 1000 meters, in West Africa, South and Southeast Asia, Australia, and in tropical America. Some species are adapted to life in fast-flowing streams and rapids. The fish are also called Klettergrundeln. The larvae often develop in the sea.
Lippenzahngrundeln feed on nursery, diatoms, green algae, blue-green algae and bacteria. Sicyopus species feed on small invertebrates.
Features
The fish have a cylindrical body which is often scaly incomplete. Some species have only on the caudal peduncle scales. The mouth is terminal or inferior, the lower jaw shorter than the upper jaw. The eyes are wide apart on top of the head. When hartstrahligen first dorsal fin in the middle of the most 6 fin rays are higher, and are often pulled filamentary. The pelvic fins are fused to a suction funnel and supported by thick, highly branched fin rays. Except in the genera Sicyopus and Stiphodon they are adherent to the abdominal wall. Can stimpsoni The type Sicyopterus in two places (belly and mouth) create a vacuum and thus remain liable in motion at the surface. In contrast, other Lippenzahngrundeln have to give up the solid substrate adhesion briefly to move.
Male Lippenzahngrundeln are often colorful colored than the plain -colored females and have larger back and anal fins. Especially during courtship the territorial males shimmer red and / or metallic.
Reproduction
The fish spawn hidden under rocks and in crevices, often after rains, so that the larvae are washed out to sea. The nests are very large, a ten cm long female can lay up to 200,000 eggs. Late larval stages migrate, often at new or full moon to take advantage of the spring tide, back into the rivers. Contact with fresh water triggers the metamorphosis into juvenile fish.
Species and genera
There are about 100 species from seven genera.
- Akihito Watson, Keith & Marquet 2007 Akihito futuna Keith, Marquet & Watson, 2008
- Akihito vanuatu Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2007
- Cotylopus acutipinnis Guichenot 1863
- Cotylopus rubripinnis Keith, Hoareau & Bosc 2005
- Lentipes caroline Lynch et al., 2013
- Lentipes concolor Gill, 1860
- Lentipes crittersius Watson & Allen, 1999
- Lentipes kaaea Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2002
- Lentipes multiradiatus Allen, 2001
- Lentipes watsoni Allen, 1997
- Lentipes whittenorum Watson & Kottelat, 1994
- Sicydium adelum Bussing, 1996
- Sicydium altum Meek, 1907
- Sicydium antillarum Ogilvie - Grant, 1884
- Sicydium brevifile Ogilvie - Grant, 1884
- Sicydium buscki Evermann & Clark, 1906
- Sicydium cocoensis ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)
- Sicydium crenilabrum Harrison, 1993
- Sicydium fayae Brock, 1942
- Sicydium gilberti Watson, 2000
- Sicydium gymnogaster Ogilvie - Grant, 1884
- Sicydium hildebrandi Eigenmann, 1918
- Sicydium multipunctatum Regan, 1906
- Sicydium plumieri ( Bloch, 1786)
- Sicydium punctatum Perugia, 1896
- Sicydium rosenbergii ( Boulenger, 1899)
- Sicydium salvini Ogilvie - Grant, 1884
- Sicyopterus aiensis Keith Watson & Marquet, 2004
- Sicyopterus brevis de Beaufort, 1912
- Sicyopterus caeruleus ( Lacepede, 1800 )
- Sicyopterus caudimaculatus Maugé, Marquet & Laboute, 1992
- Sicyopterus crassus Herre, 1927
- Sicyopterus cynocephalus ( Valenciennes, 1837)
- Sicyopterus eudentatus Parenti & Maciolek, 1993
- Sicyopterus fasciatus ( Day, 1874)
- Sicyopterus franouxi ( Pellegrin, 1935)
- Sicyopterus fuliag Herre, 1927
- Sicyopterus griseus ( Day, 1877)
- Sicyopterus hageni Popta, 1921
- Sicyopterus japonicus ( Tanaka, 1909)
- Sicyopterus lacrymosus Herre, 1927
- Sicyopterus Lagocephalus ( Pallas, 1770)
- Sicyopterus laticeps ( Valenciennes, 1837)
- Sicyopterus lividus Parenti & Maciolek, 1993
- Sicyopterus longifilis de Beaufort, 1912
- Sicyopterus macrostetholepis ( Bleeker, 1853)
- Sicyopterus marque sensis Fowler, 1932
- Sicyopterus microcephalus ( Bleeker, 1854)
- Sicyopterus micrurus ( Bleeker, 1853)
- Sicyopterus ouwensi Weber, 1913
- Sicyopterus panayensis Herre, 1927
- Sicyopterus parvei ( Bleeker, 1853)
- Sicyopterus pugnans ( Ogilvie - Grant, 1884)
- Sicyopterus punctissimus Sparks & Nelson, 2004
- Sicyopterus rapa Parenti & Maciolek, 1996
- Sicyopterus Sarasini Weber & de Beaufort, 1915
- Sicyopterus stimpsoni ( Gill, 1860)
- Sicyopterus more manni ( Weber, 1894)
- Sicyopus auxilimentus Watson & Kottelat, 1994
- Sicyopus bitaeniatus Maugé, Marquet & Laboute, 1992
- Sicyopus cebuensis Chen & Shao, 1998
- Sicyopus chloe Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2001
- Sicyopus discordipinnis Watson, 1995
- Sicyopus fail manni Parenti & Maciolek, 1993
- Sicyopus jonklaasi ( Axelrod, 1972)
- Sicyopus leprurus Sakai & Nakamura, 1979
- Sicyopus multisquamatus de Beaufort, 1912
- Sicyopus mystax Watson & Allen, 1999
- Sicyopus nigriradiatus Parenti & Maciolek, 1993
- Sicyopus zosterophorum ( Bleeker, 1857)
- Stiphodon all Watson, 1996
- Stiphodon astilbos Ryan, 1986
- Stiphodon atratus Watson, 1996
- Stiphodon atropurpureus ( Herre, 1927)
- Stiphodon aureorostrum Chen & Tan, 2005
- Stiphodon birdsong Watson, 1996
- Stiphodon caeruleus Parenti & Maciolek, 1993
- Stiphodon carisa Watson, 2008
- Stiphodon discotorquatus Watson, 1995
- Stiphodon elegans ( Steindachner, 1879)
- Stiphodon hydroreibatus Watson, 1999
- Stiphodon imperiorientis Watson & Chen, 1998
- Stiphodon julieni Keith Watson & Marquet, 2002
- Stiphodon kalfatak Keith, Marquet & Watson, 2007
- Stiphodon larson Watson, 1996
- Stiphodon martenstyni Watson, 1998
- Stiphodon maculidorsalis Maeda & Tan, 2013
- Stiphodon mele Keith, Marquet & Pouilly, 2009
- Stiphodon multisquamus Wu & Ni, 1986
- Stiphodon niraikanaiensis Maeda, 2013
- Stiphodon oatea Keith, Feunteun & Vigneux, 2009
- Stiphodon olivaceus Watson & Kottelat, 1995
- Stiphodon ornatus Meinken, 1974
- Stiphodon pelewensis Herre, 1936
- Stiphodon percnopterygionus Watson & Chen, 1998
- Stiphodon rubromaculatus Keith & Marquet, 2007
- Stiphodon rutilaureus Watson, 1996
- Stiphodon sapphirinus Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2005
- Stiphodon Semoni Weber, 1895
- Stiphodon surrufus Watson & Kottelat, 1995
- Stiphodon tuivi Watson, 1995
- Stiphodon weberi Watson, Allen & Kottelat, 1998
- Stiphodon zebrinus Watson, Allen & Kottelat, 1998