Simon Frug

Simon Frug ( name variants: Simeon Samuel Frug, Semyon Grigoryevich Frug, Shimon Shmuel Frug etc. * November 15, 1859 in Bobrowy Kut, Kherson Governorate, † September 22, 1916 in St. Petersburg or Odessa) was a Russian Jewish poet of the people.

Life and work

Frug grew up in the agricultural colony Bobrowy Kut in the government of Kherson on among Jewish peasant people. The model colony was founded by Tsar Nicholas I for excellent Jewish soldiers.

Simon Frug wrote ballads, legends, biblical poems, elegies, satires, Ghetto and songs of Zion - usually at the highest level (only in his satires, he fell partly on the level of Badchanim down ) - in Russian, Yiddish (since 1885) and Hebrew and for a time was the idol of the Jewish youth. Some of his songs have become folk song (for example, his song of the work).

He devoted himself first of poetry in Russian, and wrote for the prestigious St. Petersburg papers, but in the early 1880s as many of the Jews of Russia was then thrown back painfully on his Judaism by the bloody events, so that from an aspiring equality and assimilation Russian poet, a Jewish- Zionist national poet was. He published henceforth a large number of songs, feature articles and other contributions in Yiddish leaves and oriented itself again - unaffected by the Haskalah - in the world of shtetl that he is not self-sufficient transfigured, but just the Miserable and wretched in it, the Run-Down - Poor soul, Frantic - Unhealthy its inhabitants pointed out, complained and poetic retraced. He was one of the founders of Yiddish poetry and brought this first maturity.

Known poems, songs and legends

Among his most famous works include:

  • The Frihling goes kummt the Frihling
  • The golden key ( legend in versmässig bound language )
  • The Koss ( " The cup ," midrashic legend)
  • The shammes daughter ( "The shammes daughter ", legend)
  • The nature
  • Hot and cold ( action poem about life in the ghetto )
  • Sand un Schtern ( "Sand and Stars", to have it made ​​the accusation in God, only the first half of the promise to Abraham true poem )
  • For Cheider, children

Expenditure

  • Editions of his songs collections 1882, 1885, 1887, 1890
  • Songs and thoughts, 1896
  • Hebrew translation of his Russian works, 1897 ( translated by Kaplan Publishing Toschiah, Warsaw)
  • Collected Works, 6 volumes (Russian), 1904
  • Collected Works, 2 volumes ( Yiddish ), ed. from " Fraind " in St. Petersburg, 1904
  • Collected Works, 3 volumes ( Yiddish ), New York 1910
  • Collected Works 6 volumes (Russian ), 1912

Sources / literature

  • Historia nowejschei Russkoi literaturi, St. Petersburg 1893
  • Samuel Meisels, West Eastern Miscellany, Leipzig 1908
  • M. Pines, The History of the Jewish German literature, Leipzig 1913
  • Dubnow, memories of Frug, in: Jewrejskaja Starina IV, 1916
  • M. Bassin, Antalogy [ sic]: Five Hundred Years Yiddish Poetry, New York 1917
  • Zygmunt Foebus Finkelstein, striker of the ghetto. Essays, Vienna 1924
  • Salomon Wininger, Great Jewish National Biography, Volume II, Chernivtsi 1925 ff
  • Travel, encyclopedia ... 1926 ff
  • Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume II, Berlin, 1927 ff
  • Brockhaus Encyclopedia, Volume VI. 1968
  • Encyclopedia of Judaism, 1971
  • Günter Stemberger, History of Jewish Literature, 1977
Hayim Nahman Bialik Yiddish language Zalman Reisen Integrated Authority File
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